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Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology - Chapter 1

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Terms in this set (21)

  • What is anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

  • What is gross (macroscopic) anatomy?

    Gross anatomy studies body structures visible to the naked eye, such as organs and organ systems.

  • What is microscopic anatomy?

    Microscopic anatomy studies structures too small to be seen with the naked eye, such as cells and tissues.

  • Define physiology.

    Physiology is the study of the function of the body and how its parts work together to sustain life.

  • What are the six levels of structural organization in the human body?

    Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.

  • What is the integumentary system responsible for?

    The integumentary system forms the external body covering, protects deeper tissue, synthesizes vitamin D, and contains sensory receptors and sweat/oil glands.

  • What functions does the skeletal system perform?

    The skeletal system protects and supports body organs, provides a framework for muscles, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.

  • What is the role of the muscular system?

    The muscular system allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, facial expression, maintains posture, and produces heat.

  • Describe the nervous system's function.

    The nervous system is a fast-acting control system that responds to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands.

  • What is the endocrine system's primary function?

    The endocrine system secretes hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells.

  • What does the cardiovascular system do?

    The cardiovascular system transports blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, wastes, and other substances.

  • What is homeostasis?

    Homeostasis is the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions necessary for normal body function and life.

  • What are the main systems controlling homeostasis?

    The nervous and endocrine systems are the main controllers of homeostasis.

  • What are the three components of a homeostatic control mechanism?

    Receptor, control center, and effector.

  • Explain negative feedback in homeostasis.

    Negative feedback reverses a change in a controlled condition to maintain stability.

  • Explain positive feedback in homeostasis.

    Positive feedback enhances or exaggerates a change, usually to complete a process quickly.

  • What is the anatomical position?

    The anatomical position is the standard body position: standing erect, feet parallel, arms at sides, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from the body.

  • What are directional terms used for in anatomy?

    Directional terms describe the location of one body structure relative to another.

  • Name the two main body cavities.

    The dorsal and ventral body cavities.

  • What are the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity?

    The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity, separated by the diaphragm.

  • How is the abdominopelvic cavity subdivided?

    Into four quadrants and nine regions for detailed study of organs.