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Exam 2 Flashcards By Mati (Lymphatic System)

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Terms in this set (18)

  • what is cisterna chyli?

    1. an enlarged sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct in most mammals into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow

      1. this is the start of the thoracic duct in about half of individuals

  • Like larger blood vessels, larger lymphatics receive blood supply from?

    a vasa vasorum

  • what is inflammation of lymphatic vessels called?

    1. lymphangitis

      1. lymphatic vessels become congested with blood during severe inflammation

  • what is Lymphedema?

    1. insufficient return of lymph to blood resulting in severe localized edema

      1. May be caused by tumors blocking lymphatics or removal of lymphatics during cancer surgery

  • in lymphatic cells, lymphocytes protect body against antigens which are what?

    anything that triggers an immune response (bacteria and their toxins, viruses, mismatched RBCs, cancer cells)

  • B cells in B lymphocytes produce plasma cells which are what?

    terminally differentiated B lymphocytes whose primary function is to produce and secrete large quantities of antibodies targeted against specific antigens

  • what are macrophages?

    specialized white blood cells that play a key role in the immune system by detecting, engulfing, and destroying pathogens and cellular debris

  • what are dendritic cells?

    specialized immune cells that act as key messengers between the innate and adaptive immune systems by capturing antigens and activating T-cells

  • what is a stroma?

    1. the supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumor, gonad, etc., consisting of connective tissues and blood vessels

      1. network that supports other cell types

  • what are germinal centers?

    specialized structures within secondary lymphoid organs where B cells proliferate, differentiate, and undergo affinity maturation to generate high-quality antibodies

  • what is a capsule?

    an enclosing structure that can be a protective tissue layer around an organ or joint

  • what are trabeculae?

    small, beam-like structures within tissues, providing support and forming a framework that contributes to both structure and function in bones, the heart, and other organs

  • what are afferent lymphatic vessels?

    small lymphatic channels that carry lymph fluid into a lymph node from peripheral tissues, playing a key role in filtering and immune surveillance

  • what are efferent lymphatic vessels?

    vessels that carry lymph away from lymph nodes toward larger lymphatic trunks, ultimately returning it to the bloodstream

  • what is a subscapular sinus?

    a space located just beneath the capsule of a lymph node that channels lymph from afferent lymphatic vessels and plays a critical role in immune surveillance

  • what are medullary sinuses?

    channels within the lymph nodes medulla that allow lymph to flow from the cortical region to the efferent lymphatic vessels, acting as pathways for immune cell trafficking and filtration of lymph

  • what is the hilum?

    The hilum of a lymph node is a concave region where blood vessels enter and exit, as well as the efferent lymphatic vessel leaves the node, serving as the primary gateway for vascular and lymphatic connections

  • what are buboes?

    1. infected lymph nodes (often pus-filled); bubonic plague named for them

      1. Overwhelmed by bacteria they are trying to destroy

      2. Results in inflamed, swollen, and tender nodes

      3. a condition often referred to (erroneously) as swollen "glands” but correctly called lymphadenopathy