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Heart

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Terms in this set (30)

  • What causes normal heart sounds?
    Normal heart sounds are caused by the closure of the heart valves.
  • What does not occur when semilunar valves are open?
    When semilunar valves are open, ventricles are not in diastole.
  • Effect of large blood loss (hemorrhage) on blood pressure
    Large blood loss causes lowering of blood pressure due to decreased cardiac output.
  • Why is the left ventricular wall thicker than the right?
    The left ventricular wall is thicker to pump blood with greater pressure.
  • What is heart block damage associated with?
    Heart block is damage to the AV node.
  • What does the P wave on an ECG represent?
    The P wave indicates atrial depolarization.
  • Where does blood in the pulmonary veins return?
    Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to the left atrium.
  • What is cardiac tamponade?
    Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract.
  • What is angina pectoris?
    Angina pectoris is pain from deficient blood delivery to the heart, often due to transient coronary artery spasm.
  • Where to auscultate the aortic semilunar valve?
    Place the stethoscope in the second intercostal space to the right of the sternum.
  • Source of blood to myocardium capillaries
    Blood is supplied to myocardium capillaries by the coronary arteries.
  • What does the thickness of the left ventricle indicate?
    The thicker left ventricle pumps blood against greater resistance.
  • Which factor does not influence heart rate?
    Skin color does not influence heart rate.
  • Which is not an age-related heart change?
    Thinning of valve flaps is not an age-related change.
  • Primary cause of damage when cardiac muscle is deprived of blood
    Damage results primarily from decreased oxygen delivery.
  • Consequence if cardiac muscle absolute refractory period matched skeletal muscle
    Tetanic contractions might occur, stopping the heart's pumping action.
  • How does norepinephrine affect the heart?
    Norepinephrine causes threshold to be reached more quickly, increasing heart rate.
  • Effect of cutting vagal nerves to the heart
    Heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute.
  • What is a foramen ovale?
    A foramen ovale connects the two atria in the fetal heart.
  • Which vessel receives blood during right ventricular systole?
    The pulmonary trunk receives blood during right ventricular systole.
  • Which vessels receive blood during ventricular systole?
    Both the aorta and pulmonary trunk receive blood during ventricular systole.
  • Which is not part of the heart's conduction system?
    The AV valve is not part of the conduction system.
  • When is the tricuspid valve closed?
    The tricuspid valve is closed when the ventricle is in systole.
  • How to visually distinguish right and left ventricles?
    By noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls.
  • Correct statement about heart valves
    AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae to prevent blood regurgitation during ventricular contraction.
  • Function of myocardial cells
    The entire heart contracts as a unit or not at all.
  • Which heart wall layer contracts?
    The myocardium is the contracting layer of the heart wall.
  • How does cardiac muscle compare to skeletal muscle?
    Cardiac muscle has gap junctions allowing it to act as a functional syncytium.
  • What happens during ventricular filling?
    Blood flows mostly passively through atria and open AV valves into ventricles.
  • When is the second heart sound heard?
    During isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.