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Immune System: Lines of Defense and Innate Immunity

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Terms in this set (29)

  • What are the three lines of defense in the immune system?

    The first line is surface barriers, the second line is innate immunity, and the third line is adaptive immunity.

  • Which line of defense includes innate immunity?

    The second line of defense includes innate immunity.

  • Which line of defense includes adaptive immunity?

    The third line of defense includes adaptive immunity.

  • What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

    Innate immunity is nonspecific and immediate, while adaptive immunity is specific and develops memory over time.

  • What is an antigen?

    An antigen is any substance that can trigger an adaptive immune response.

  • What are the three types of adaptive immunity?

    The three types are naturally acquired active, artificially acquired active, and passive immunity.

  • What do B cells produce?

    B cells produce antibodies that target specific antigens.

  • What are surface barriers and examples?

    Surface barriers are the first line of defense, including skin and mucous membranes.

  • Which hard protein is found in the skin as a barrier?

    Keratin is the hard protein found in the skin that provides protection.

  • Where can mucous membranes be found?

    Mucous membranes line body cavities open to the exterior, such as the respiratory and digestive tracts.

  • What is sebum?

    Sebum is an oily secretion from sebaceous glands that helps protect skin by lowering pH and inhibiting bacteria.

  • What is mucus?

    Mucus is a sticky secretion that traps pathogens and particles in mucous membranes.

  • What role does acid play in innate immunity?

    Acid in areas like the stomach and skin inhibits microbial growth by creating a hostile environment.

  • What are defensins?

    Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that disrupt microbial membranes.

  • What is the normal flora?

    Normal flora are harmless microbes that compete with pathogens on body surfaces.

  • Who are the members of agranulocytes in innate immunity?

    Agranulocytes include monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes.

  • Who are the members of granulocytes?

    Granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

  • What do phagocytes do?

    Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens and debris.

  • What are NK cells?

    Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that kill virus-infected and cancerous cells without recognizing specific antigens.

  • What are dendritic cells?

    Dendritic cells link innate and adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to lymphocytes.

  • What do monocytes become when they enter tissues?

    Monocytes differentiate into macrophages in tissues.

  • How do macrophages kill ingested pathogens?

    Macrophages use enzymes and toxic chemicals to destroy pathogens inside phagosomes.

  • What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

    APCs display processed antigens on their surface to activate adaptive immunity.

  • What are neutrophils?

    Neutrophils are the most abundant phagocytes that respond quickly to infection.

  • What is respiratory burst?

    Respiratory burst is a rapid release of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes to kill pathogens.

  • What are eosinophils and what do they respond to?

    Eosinophils combat parasitic infections and participate in allergic responses.

  • Which lymphocytes recognize cancerous and virus-infected cells?

    Natural Killer (NK) cells recognize and kill cancerous and virus-infected cells.

  • Do NK cells recognize antigens?

    No, NK cells do not recognize specific antigens.

  • What are basophils and what do they become when activated in mucous membranes?

    Basophils are granulocytes that release histamine and become similar to mast cells when activated.