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Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

    The integumentary system protects the body, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, synthesizes vitamin D, and provides sensory information.

  • What are the three primary layers of the skin?

    The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).

  • What type of tissue primarily composes the epidermis?

    Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

  • What is the role of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

    They produce keratin, a protein that strengthens and waterproofs the skin.

  • Name the five layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial.

    Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.

  • Which epidermal layer is only found in thick skin like the palms and soles?

    The stratum lucidum.

  • What cells in the epidermis are responsible for immune defense?

    Langerhans cells act as antigen-presenting immune cells.

  • What pigment determines skin color and where is it produced?

    Melanin, produced by melanocytes in the stratum basale.

  • What is the dermis primarily composed of?

    Dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastin fibers.

  • Name two layers of the dermis.

    The papillary layer (superficial) and the reticular layer (deep).

  • What structures are found in the dermis?

    Blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

  • What is the hypodermis composed of and what is its function?

    Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue; it cushions, insulates, and anchors the skin.

  • What type of gland produces sweat and helps regulate body temperature?

    Eccrine sweat glands.

  • What is the function of sebaceous glands?

    They secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates and waterproofs the skin and hair.

  • What is the role of hair in the integumentary system?

    Hair provides protection, sensory input, and helps regulate body temperature.

  • What is the nail matrix?

    The region of actively dividing cells that produce new nail cells.

  • How does the skin contribute to vitamin D synthesis?

    UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to vitamin D3, which is then activated in the liver and kidneys.

  • What is the function of Merkel cells?

    They act as mechanoreceptors for touch sensation in the epidermis.

  • What causes the skin to tan after sun exposure?

    Increased melanin production by melanocytes to protect against UV damage.

  • What is the difference between thick and thin skin?

    Thick skin has a thicker epidermis with a stratum lucidum and no hair follicles; thin skin has hair and lacks a stratum lucidum.