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Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the main layers of the epidermis?

    The main layers are stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only in thick skin), and stratum corneum.

  • What is the primary function of keratinocytes?

    Keratinocytes produce keratin, a protein that strengthens the skin and makes it waterproof.

  • What role do melanocytes play in the skin?

    Melanocytes produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color and protection against UV radiation.

  • How are fingerprints formed?

    Fingerprints are formed by the pattern of epidermal ridges created by the dermal papillae beneath the epidermis.

  • What are the three degrees of burns and their characteristics?

    First-degree burns affect only the epidermis; second-degree burns affect the epidermis and part of the dermis; third-degree burns destroy the epidermis, dermis, and may affect underlying tissues.

  • What types of skin cancers are most common?

    The most common skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

  • Where in the epidermis are keratinocytes produced?

    Keratinocytes are produced in the stratum basale, the deepest layer of the epidermis.

  • What is the function of the stratum corneum?

    The stratum corneum provides a tough, protective outer layer of dead keratinized cells that prevent water loss and protect against environmental damage.

  • Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin like the palms and soles?

    The stratum lucidum is found only in thick skin areas such as the palms and soles.

  • How does melanin protect the skin?

    Melanin absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation, protecting skin cells from DNA damage.

  • What causes the unique pattern of fingerprints?

    Fingerprints result from the unique arrangement of dermal papillae that create ridges on the epidermis.

  • What is the main difference between basal cell carcinoma and melanoma?

    Basal cell carcinoma arises from basal cells and is less aggressive; melanoma arises from melanocytes and is more dangerous due to its high potential to metastasize.

  • What happens to keratinocytes as they move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?

    Keratinocytes undergo keratinization, becoming flattened, dead, and filled with keratin as they move upward.

  • What is the role of the stratum granulosum?

    The stratum granulosum is where keratinocytes begin to die and accumulate keratohyalin granules, contributing to waterproofing.

  • How do second-degree burns affect the skin?

    Second-degree burns damage the epidermis and part of the dermis, causing blisters and pain.

  • What is the significance of the stratum spinosum?

    The stratum spinosum provides strength and flexibility to the skin and contains keratinocytes connected by desmosomes.

  • Which cells in the epidermis are involved in immune defense?

    Langerhans cells in the epidermis help detect and fight pathogens.

  • What is the main cause of skin cancer?

    Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer.

  • How does the integumentary system contribute to homeostasis?

    It regulates body temperature, protects against pathogens, prevents water loss, and synthesizes vitamin D.

  • What is the function of the dermal papillae?

    Dermal papillae increase surface area for nutrient exchange and form the basis of fingerprints.