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Integumentary System and Skin Pathology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • Primary functions of the integumentary system
    • Aids in body heat loss or heat retention
    • Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
    • Synthesizes vitamin D
  • How does the integumentary system aid in heat loss?
    By activating sweat glands and allowing blood to flush into skin capillary beds so heat can radiate from the skin surface.
  • How does the integumentary system aid in heat retention?
    By not allowing blood to flush into skin capillary beds, conserving body heat.
  • How is vitamin D synthesized in the skin?
    Modified cholesterol molecules in skin are converted to vitamin D by sunlight exposure.
  • Layers of the skin from outermost to innermost
    • Epidermis
    • Dermis
    • Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
  • What type of tissue primarily composes the epidermis?
    Stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
  • Role of keratinocytes in the epidermis
    Produce keratin, a protein that strengthens the skin and makes it waterproof.
  • Function of melanocytes
    Produce melanin pigment that protects against UV radiation.
  • What is the dermis composed of?
    Dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastin fibers, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and glands.
  • Function of sweat glands
    Produce sweat to help regulate body temperature and excrete waste products.
  • Function of sebaceous glands
    Secrete sebum (oil) to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.
  • What causes a sunburn?
    Excessive UV radiation causing skin inflammation and damage.
  • Characteristics of first-degree burns
    Affect only the epidermis, causing redness and pain without blistering.
  • Characteristics of second-degree burns
    Affect epidermis and upper dermis, causing redness, pain, swelling, and blistering.
  • Characteristics of third-degree burns
    Destroy the entire thickness of the skin; burned area appears gray-white or blackened and is painless due to nerve damage.
  • What is basal cell carcinoma?
    A common skin cancer originating in the basal cells of the epidermis, usually appearing as a shiny bump.
  • What is squamous cell carcinoma?
    A skin cancer arising from keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum, often appearing as scaly, red patches.
  • What is melanoma?
    A dangerous skin cancer originating from melanocytes, characterized by uncontrolled growth and potential to metastasize.
  • How does uncontrolled mitosis relate to cancer?
    Rapid, uncontrolled cell division leads to tumor formation and cancer progression.
  • Why is early detection important in skin cancer?
    Early detection improves treatment success and reduces the risk of metastasis.