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Integumentary System Chapter 5: Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the main layers of the skin?

    The skin consists of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.

  • What is the function of the stratum basale in the epidermis?

    The stratum basale produces melanin which provides radiation protection.

  • What role does the stratum granulosum play in the skin?

    The stratum granulosum produces keratin, which makes the skin waterproof.

  • What is the difference between insensible and sensible perspiration?

    Insensible perspiration is water loss without awareness; sensible perspiration is sweat that can be felt.

  • Which pigments contribute to skin color besides melanin?

    Skin color is also influenced by blood and carotene pigments.

  • What is the role of the dermis in the skin?

    The dermis contains the vascular supply and nerves for the skin.

  • What is the hypodermis composed of and its function?

    The hypodermis is made of connective tissue and provides insulation and cushioning.

  • What are the main components of hair structure?

    Hair consists of compact squamous cells, with parts including the root, shaft, papilla, and matrix.

  • What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?

    The arrector pili muscle causes goose bumps by contracting and pulling hair upright.

  • What are sebaceous glands and their function?

    Sebaceous glands produce oil that lubricates skin and hair; they can cause pimples if blocked.

  • What distinguishes apocrine sweat glands from merocrine (eccrine) glands?

    Apocrine glands are linked to secondary sex characteristics, while merocrine (eccrine) glands regulate temperature.

  • Name two special glands associated with the integumentary system.

    Mammary glands produce milk; ceruminous glands produce ear wax.

  • What are nails made of and where does growth occur?

    Nails are made of compact squamous cells, with growth occurring at the root via mitotic division.

  • What is the sequence of events in skin injury repair?

    Injury repair involves bleeding and sealing, migration of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial stem cells, fiber construction, and possible scar formation.

  • What is the function of the papilla in hair anatomy?

    The papilla contains blood vessels and nerves that nourish the hair follicle.

  • What is the role of the hair matrix?

    The matrix is the site of mitotic cell division producing new hair cells.

  • What type of cells compose the hair shaft?

    The hair shaft is composed of compact squamous cells that are exposed above the skin surface.

  • What is the primary function of keratin in the skin?

    Keratin provides waterproofing and structural strength to the skin.

  • How does melanin protect the skin?

    Melanin absorbs and protects against ultraviolet radiation.

  • What is the difference between the root and shaft of hair?

    The root is the internal part of hair below the skin; the shaft is the visible, exposed part.