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Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (23)

  • What is anatomy?

    Anatomy describes the structures of the body, including what they are made of and where they are located.

  • What is physiology?

    Physiology is the study of the functions of anatomical structures and how they work individually and cooperatively.

  • Name the major types of anatomy.

    Gross (macroscopic), surface, regional, systemic, clinical, and developmental anatomy.

  • What does microscopic anatomy study?

    Microscopic anatomy studies cells (cytology) and tissues (histology).

  • What are the levels of organization in the human body?

    Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.

  • Define the chemical level of organization.

    Atoms are the smallest chemical units; molecules are groups of atoms working together.

  • What is the cellular level?

    Cells are groups of atoms, molecules, and organelles working together.

  • What is a tissue?

    A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a function.

  • Define an organ.

    An organ is a group of different tissues working together to perform specific functions.

  • What is an organ system?

    An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform complex functions.

  • What is homeostasis?

    Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment by all body systems working together.

  • What are the three main components of homeostasis?

    Receptor (detects stimulus), control center (processes signal and sets set point), and effector (carries out instructions).

  • Describe negative feedback in homeostasis.

    Negative feedback negates the stimulus to return the body to normal range and maintain homeostasis.

  • Describe positive feedback in homeostasis.

    Positive feedback increases the change of the stimulus, moving the body away from homeostasis to speed up processes.

  • Name the major organs of the integumentary system.

    Skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails.

  • What are the functions of the integumentary system?

    Protects against environmental hazards, regulates body temperature, and provides sensory information.

  • Name the major organs of the skeletal system.

    Bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow.

  • What are the functions of the skeletal system?

    Provides support and protection, stores minerals, and forms blood cells.

  • Name the major organs of the muscular system.

    Skeletal muscles and associated tendons.

  • What are the functions of the muscular system?

    Provides movement, protection, support, and generates heat to maintain body temperature.

  • Name the major organs of the nervous system.

    Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs.

  • What are the functions of the nervous system?

    Directs immediate responses to stimuli, coordinates organ systems, and processes sensory information.

  • Explain the principle of complementarity of structure and function.

    Function always reflects structure; the form of a structure determines its function.