Skip to main content
Back

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/22

Terms in this set (22)

  • What is Human Anatomy?

    Human Anatomy is the study of the structure or form of the human body.

  • What is Human Physiology?

    Human Physiology is the study of the body's functions and how the body parts work.

  • Define Homeostasis.

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • What are the 11 organ systems of the human body?

    The human body has 11 organ systems that work together to maintain life functions.

  • What is the Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function?

    The form of a structure is such that it best suits its function; this applies at all levels of organization.

  • What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, and Organism levels.

  • What is a negative feedback loop?

    A feedback loop that opposes the initial change and reduces the output to maintain homeostasis.

  • What is a positive feedback loop?

    A feedback loop that reinforces the initial change and increases the output, often amplifying a response.

  • What is the anatomical position?

    Body standing upright, feet shoulder-width apart, arms at sides, palms and head facing forward.

  • Define the directional terms: Anterior and Posterior.

    Anterior means toward the front; Posterior means toward the back of the body or body part.

  • What are the three main planes of section in anatomy?

    Sagittal (divides right and left), Frontal (divides front and back), and Transverse (divides top and bottom).

  • What is the difference between systemic and regional anatomy?

    Systemic anatomy studies organ systems; Regional anatomy studies specific body regions.

  • What is metabolism in living organisms?

    All chemical processes in the body, including anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down).

  • What is the function of serous membranes?

    Thin double-layered tissues that produce serous fluid to lubricate organs and reduce friction in body cavities.

  • What are the four quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity?

    Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ).

  • What is the role of receptors in a feedback loop?

    Receptors detect changes or stimuli and send information to the control center.

  • What is the control center in a feedback loop?

    The brain or gland that processes information from receptors and sends commands to effectors.

  • What is the effector in a feedback loop?

    Cells or organs that respond to commands from the control center to restore homeostasis.

  • What is the difference between proximal and distal?

    Proximal means closer to the point of origin; Distal means farther from the point of origin, used for limbs.

  • What is the difference between superficial and deep?

    Superficial refers to structures closer to the body surface; Deep refers to structures farther below the surface.

  • What is the function of gradients in physiology?

    Gradients drive physiological processes by moving substances from areas of higher to lower concentration, pressure, or temperature.

  • How do cells communicate to maintain homeostasis?

    Cells use electrical signals and chemical messengers to coordinate functions and responses.