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Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology - Chapter 1

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is Human Anatomy?

    Human Anatomy is the study of the structure or form of the human body.

  • What is Human Physiology?

    Human Physiology is the study of the body’s functions.

  • What are the core study strategies recommended for learning A&P?

    Bring It Back, Space It Out, and Mix It Up to improve long-term memory and understanding.

  • Define Homeostasis.

    Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains a relatively stable internal environment.

  • What are the two main divisions of the Anterior Body Cavity?

    The Thoracic Cavity (superior to diaphragm) and the Abdominopelvic Cavity (inferior to diaphragm).

  • Name the 11 organ systems of the human body.

    Includes systems such as digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, skeletal, lymphatic, urinary, reproductive, endocrine, and integumentary.

  • What is a Negative Feedback Loop?

    A feedback mechanism that opposes the initial change and reduces the output to maintain stability.

  • What is a Positive Feedback Loop?

    A feedback mechanism that reinforces the initial change and increases the output, often leading to a definitive event.

  • Describe the anatomical position.

    Body standing upright, feet shoulder-width apart, arms at sides, palms and head facing forward.

  • What are the directional terms Anterior and Posterior?

    Anterior means toward the front; Posterior means toward the back.

  • What is the difference between Proximal and Distal?

    Proximal means closer to the point of origin; Distal means farther from the point of origin (used for limbs).

  • What are the three planes of section used in anatomy?

    Sagittal (right and left), Frontal (anterior and posterior), and Transverse (superior and inferior).

  • What is the function of serous membranes?

    They form double-layered structures filled with serous fluid to lubricate organs in body cavities.

  • What is the difference between visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes?

    Visceral layer contacts the organ; Parietal layer attaches to surrounding structures.

  • What is the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

    The form of a structure is such that it best suits its function at all levels of organization.

  • What are gradients and why are they important in physiology?

    Gradients exist when more of something is in one area than another; they drive many physiological processes.

  • How do cells communicate to maintain homeostasis?

    Through electrical signals between neighboring cells and chemical messengers that affect nearby or distant cells.

  • What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, and Organism levels.

  • What is metabolism in living organisms?

    All chemical processes in the body, including anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down).

  • What is the S Q 3 R method for reading a textbook?

    Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review to improve comprehension and retention.