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Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Human Body Systems and Homeostasis

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is the study of anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of form and structure of the body.

  • What is physiology?

    Physiology is the study of function in the body, including general and pathophysiology.

  • What are the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest?

    Chemicals (atoms, molecules), cells, organelles, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

  • What defines the cellular level of organization?

    Cells are the smallest living units; molecules form organelles within cells, each with specific functions.

  • What is a tissue in the body?

    A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

  • What is an organ?

    An organ is composed of two or more different tissues working together to perform specific functions.

  • What is an organ system?

    An organ system consists of multiple organs interacting to perform specific functions.

  • Name the 11 organ systems of the human body.

    Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive.

  • What is the internal environment of a cell?

    The internal environment includes intracellular fluid (ICF) inside cells and extracellular fluid (ECF) outside cells.

  • What are the main components of extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    Interstitial fluid (IF) and plasma.

  • Define homeostasis.

    Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment or internal balance.

  • What are the main components of a homeostatic control mechanism?

    Stimulus, sensor (receptor), control center (integration center), effectors, compensatory response, result (outcome), and set point.

  • What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

    Negative feedback reverses a change in a controlled condition to maintain stability.

  • What is positive feedback in homeostasis?

    Positive feedback amplifies a change in a controlled condition, often to complete a process.

  • Give an example of positive feedback in the human body.

    Labor contractions during childbirth, where contractions increase in intensity until delivery.

  • What is the anatomical position?

    The standard reference position for the body: standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.

  • What are body cavities and their function?

    Body cavities are closed, fluid-filled spaces lined with serous membranes that protect and cushion organs and allow movement.

  • Name the dorsal body cavities.

    Cranial cavity and spinal cavity.

  • Name the ventral body cavities and their subdivisions.

    Thoracic cavity (pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity) and abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal and pelvic cavities).

  • What is the function of serous membranes?

    They produce watery fluid to moisten surfaces and reduce friction between organs and body walls.