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Lab 1: Blood

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Terms in this set (64)

  • What is hematocrit?
    The percentage of blood volume made up of packed red blood cells.
  • What does a high hematocrit mean?
    There are too many red blood cells.
  • What does a low hematocrit mean?
    There are not enough red blood cells.
  • What is the normal hematocrit range?
    Adult males: 47% ± 5%. Adult females: 42% ± 5%.
  • What is the normal pH range of blood?
    7.35–7.45.
  • What is plasma?
    The liquid extracellular portion of blood that the blood cells and cell fragments are suspended in.
  • What are the formed elements of blood?
    Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
  • What is another name for an erythrocyte?
    Red blood cell (RBC).
  • What do erythrocytes do?
    Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • Do mature erythrocytes have a nucleus?
    No. They are anucleate.
  • What does an erythrocyte look like under the microscope?
    A pink/red biconcave disc with a pale center and no nucleus.
  • What is another name for a leukocyte?
    White blood cell (WBC).
  • What is the main function of leukocytes?
    They provide immunity and help protect the body.
  • Do leukocytes have a nucleus?
    Yes. Leukocytes are nucleated cells.
  • What are the 5 types of leukocytes?
    Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.
  • What are the 3 granulocytes?
    Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
  • What are the 2 agranulocytes?
    Lymphocytes and monocytes.

  • What does Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas stand for?

    Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

  • What is a neutrophil?
    A granulocyte that fights bacteria and is the most common circulating WBC.
  • What percentage of circulating WBCs are neutrophils?
    About 50–70%.
  • How do you recognize a neutrophil under the microscope?
    Multilobed nucleus, usually 2–5 lobes, with pale/light purple granules.
  • What is the function of an eosinophil?
    Helps fight parasites and is involved in allergies and asthma.
  • How do you recognize an eosinophil under the microscope?
    Bilobed nucleus with reddish/orange cytoplasmic granules.
  • What is the function of a basophil?
    Involved in inflammation and releases histamine and heparin.
  • How do you recognize a basophil under the microscope?
    Dark purple granules that can make the nucleus difficult to see.
  • What is the function of lymphocytes?
    T and B lymphocytes help with immunity. B cells make antibodies, and lymphocytes help fight viruses and cancer cells.
  • How do you recognize a lymphocyte under the microscope?
    Large, round/spherical nucleus that takes up most of the cell with only a thin rim of cytoplasm.
  • What is a monocyte?
    A large agranulocyte associated with chronic infections that can develop into a macrophage in tissues.
  • How do you recognize a monocyte under the microscope?
    Large cell with a kidney-shaped or U-shaped nucleus and abundant pale cytoplasm.
  • How can you remember the 5 WBCs?
    Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas = Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils.
  • What is a differential white blood cell count?
    A test that determines the relative percentage of each type of white blood cell.
  • Why is a differential WBC count performed?
    It can help detect conditions such as acute infection, chronic infection, allergies, parasitic disease, anemia, HIV infection, and others.
  • What is another name for a platelet?
    Thrombocyte.
  • What are platelets?
    Small cell fragments involved in hemostasis.
  • What is the main function of platelets?
    Help stop bleeding through hemostasis.
  • How do you recognize platelets under the microscope?
    Very small, irregular cell fragments scattered between the much larger red blood cells.
  • What is hemostasis?
    The process of stopping bleeding.
  • What does the word hemostasis mean?
    “Hemo” = blood and “stasis” = stop.
  • What stain is used on prepared blood smears in Lab 1?
    Wright's stain.
  • What dyes are found in Wright's stain?
    Methylene blue and eosin diluted in methanol.
  • What does eosinophilic material look like after Wright's staining?
    Pink, red, or orange-red.
  • What does basophilic material look like after Wright's staining?
    Blue to dark purple.
  • What is agglutination?
    Clumping of red blood cells caused by an antigen-antibody reaction.
  • How is agglutination used in blood typing?
    Clumping shows that the antigen being tested for is present on the red blood cells.
  • What does the D antigen determine?
    The Rh factor.
  • What does it mean if the D antigen is present?
    The blood type is Rh positive (+).
  • What does it mean if the D antigen is absent?
    The blood type is Rh negative (−).
  • If blood clumps with Anti-A, what antigen is present?
    A antigen.
  • If blood clumps with Anti-B, what antigen is present?
    B antigen.
  • If blood clumps with Anti-D, what does that mean?
    The person is Rh positive.
  • Anti-A clumps only = what blood type?
    Type A.
  • Anti-B clumps only = what blood type?
    Type B.
  • Anti-A AND Anti-B both clump = what blood type?
    Type AB.
  • No reaction with Anti-A or Anti-B = what blood type?
    Type O.
  • If Anti-D clumps, what symbol is added to the blood type?
    Positive (+).
  • If Anti-D does NOT clump, what symbol is added?
    Negative (−).
  • Who can an Rh-positive person receive blood from regarding Rh factor?
    Rh-positive or Rh-negative blood.
  • Who can an Rh-positive person donate blood to regarding Rh factor?
    Other Rh-positive people.

  • Who can O receive blood from?

    Only O

  • Who can A receive blood from?

    A and O

  • Who can B receive blood from?

    B and O

  • Who can AB receive blood from?

    AB, A, B, and O

  • Who can Rh+ receive blood from?

    Rh+ and Rh-

  • Who can Rh- receive blood from?

    Only Rh-