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Layers of the Skin and Accessory Structures

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the three main layers of the skin?

    The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).

  • What is the primary function of the epidermis?

    Provides a protective barrier against environmental damage, pathogens, and water loss.

  • Name the five layers of the epidermis from outermost to innermost.

    Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale.

  • Which epidermal layer contains dead, flattened keratinized cells?

    The stratum corneum.

  • What cell type is most abundant in the epidermis?

    Keratinocytes, which produce keratin for strength and waterproofing.

  • What is the role of melanocytes in the skin?

    Produce melanin pigment to protect against UV radiation.

  • Which epidermal layer contains actively dividing cells?

    The stratum basale, where new keratinocytes are generated.

  • What is the function of Langerhans cells in the epidermis?

    Act as immune cells that detect and present pathogens to the immune system.

  • What are the two main layers of the dermis?

    The papillary layer (superficial) and the reticular layer (deep).

  • What type of tissue primarily composes the dermis?

    Dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.

  • Name three accessory structures found in the dermis.

    Hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands.

  • What is the function of sebaceous glands?

    Secrete sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.

  • What is the role of sweat glands in the skin?

    Produce sweat to help regulate body temperature and excrete waste.

  • What type of sweat gland is most common and what is its function?

    Eccrine sweat glands; they regulate body temperature through sweat evaporation.

  • What is the hypodermis composed of and its main function?

    Composed mainly of adipose tissue; provides insulation, energy storage, and cushioning.

  • What is the function of hair in the skin?

    Provides protection, sensory input, and helps regulate body temperature.

  • Which cells in the epidermis produce keratin?

    Keratinocytes.

  • What is the function of the papillary layer of the dermis?

    Supports and nourishes the epidermis; contains capillaries and sensory neurons.

  • What is the role of the reticular layer of the dermis?

    Provides strength and elasticity to the skin through dense collagen fibers.

  • How does the skin protect the body?

    Acts as a physical barrier, prevents water loss, protects against pathogens, and regulates temperature.