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Muscle origin and insertions

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  • External intercostals

    O: inferior rib

    I: superior rib

    F: contracts to bring air in

  • Internal intercostals

    O: superior rib

    I: inferior rib

    F: contract to push air out

  • Diaphragm

    O: costal cartilage/rib, xiphoid process, L vertebrae

    I: central tendon

    F: contracts to bring air in and relaxes to push air out

  • Pectoralis major

    O: Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1-7

    I: sulcus of humerus

    F: Adducts and medially rotates arm

  • Pectoralis minor

    O: Sternal ends of ribs 3-5

    I: scapula

    F: pulls scapula forward and downward, raises ribs

  • Serratus anterior

    O: Lateral surface of ribs

    I: scapula

    F: pulls scapula anteriorly

  • External Oblique

    O: ribs 5-12

    I: Iliac crest, pubis of hip bone, covering connective tissues

    F: Trunk rotation and flexation

  • Rectus Abdominis

    O: pubic symphysis, pubis of hip bone

    I: Xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7

    F: bending forward, compression of abdomen

  • Trapezius

    O: occipital bone, C7 and upper T vertebrae

    I: Clavicle, spine, acromion of scapula

    F: contracts to rotate and move scapula

  • Latissimus dorsi

    O: Spinous process of L vertebrae, Iliac crest, lower ribs

    I: Sulcus of humorous

    F: extend adduct and rotate arm

  • Deltoid

    O: Scapula and clavicle

    I: Tuberosity of humerus

    F: Prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously

  • Rhomboid minor

    O: Spinous process of C7 and T1

    I: scapula

    F: retracts and elevates scapula

  • Rhomboid major

    O: Spinous process of T2-T5

    I: scapula

    F: retracts and elevates scapula

  • Erector spinae

    O: Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous process of all L vertebrae and T11-12

    I: rib angles, spinous process of upper T, L and C vertebrae, mastoid process

    F: Extension of the vertebral column

  • Serratus posterior inferior

    O: T11-L2

    I: ribs 9-12

    F: Rotation and extension of the trunk

  • Sternocleidomastoid

    O: Manubrium, clavicle

    I: temporal bone

    F: flexing neck, rotating head

  • Semispinalis capitis (deeper) and Splenius capitis (more superficial)

    O: process of lower C and upper T vertebrae

    I: Occipital bone (splenius capitis also inserts mastoid process)

    F: extends and rotates head

  • Suprahyoid muscles

    O: VARIOUS most at mandible, and mastoid process

    I: HYOID BONE

    F: (open mouth, depress mandible, elevate and retract hyoid)

  • Infrahyoid muscles

    O: VARIOUS can span across mandible to manubrium

    I: HYOID BONE

    F: (depresses hyoid)

  • Zygomaticus

    F: smiling

  • Orbicularis Oculi

    F: closing eye

  • Orbicularis Oris

    F: purse lips, close lips

  • Frontalis

    F: elevating eyebrows

  • Depressor Anguli Oris

    F: open mouth, frown

  • Buccinator

    F: compresses cheek (as in whistling and sucking);

    holds food between teeth during chewing

  • Masseter

    O: zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone

    I: angle and ramus of mandible

    F: Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates mandible

  • Temporalis

    O: temporal fossa

    I: coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch

    F: Closes jaw; elevates and retracts mandible; maintains position of the mandible at rest; deep anterior part may help protract mandible

  • Lateral Pterygoid

    O: greater wing and lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

    I: condylar process of mandible and capsule of temporomandibular joint

    F: Provides side-to-side grinding movements and protracts mandible

  • Medial Pterygoid

    O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla, and palatine bone

    I: medial surface of mandible near its angle

    F: Acts with the lateral pterygoid muscle to protract (pull anteriorly) the mandible and promote side-to-side grinding movements