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Organs, Systems, and Organization of the Body - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (22)

  • What is Human Anatomy?

    Human Anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of the body.

  • What is Gross Anatomy?

    Gross Anatomy involves examining structures visible to the naked eye.

  • Define Regional Anatomy.

    Regional Anatomy is the study of particular areas of the body, such as the head, leg, or abdomen.

  • What is Systemic Anatomy?

    Systemic Anatomy is the study of organ systems like the skeletal, nervous, or reproductive systems.

  • List the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest.

    Atom, Molecule, Macromolecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.

  • Name the 11 major organ systems.

    Respiratory, Urinary, Nervous, Muscular, Reproductive, Skeletal, Lymphatic, Integumentary, Digestive, Endocrine, Circulatory.

  • Describe the Anatomical Position.

    Body erect, face forward, palms forward, feet together. Directional terms refer to this pose.

  • What does 'Superior' mean in directional terms?

    Superior means above or toward the head.

  • What does 'Inferior' mean in directional terms?

    Inferior means below or toward the feet.

  • Explain the difference between 'Superficial' and 'Deep'.

    Superficial means toward or on the surface; Deep means away from the surface, more internal.

  • What is the meaning of 'Anterior' and 'Posterior'?

    Anterior (ventral) means front; Posterior (dorsal) means back.

  • Define 'Medial' and 'Lateral'.

    Medial means toward the midline; Lateral means away from the midline.

  • What do 'Proximal' and 'Distal' refer to?

    Proximal means closer to the origin of a body part; Distal means farther from the origin.

  • Name the three major body planes and their divisions.

    Transverse (divides into superior and inferior), Coronal/Frontal (anterior and posterior), Sagittal (left and right sides).

  • What is a Midsagittal plane?

    A Midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left sides.

  • What is a body cavity?

    A body cavity is an enclosed space within the body that houses organs.

  • Name the two main posterior body cavities.

    Cranial cavity and vertebral canal.

  • List the major anterior body cavities.

    Thoracic cavity, mediastinum, pericardial cavity, pleural cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity.

  • What is the function of serous membranes?

    Serous membranes protect organs by lining body cavities and producing fluid to reduce friction.

  • Differentiate between visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes.

    Visceral layer covers the organ surface; Parietal layer lines the body wall.

  • Name the nine abdominal regions.

    Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac.

  • What are the four abdominal quadrants?

    Right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ).