QUIZ 4

A flat band running down the inner side of the knee, connecting the femur to the tibia. It prevents the knee from collapsing inward (valgus stress).

A cord-like band running down the outer side of the knee, connecting the femur to the fibula. It prevents the knee from bowing outward (varus stress).

The continuation of the quadriceps tendon below the patella (kneecap). It connects the lower point of the kneecap to the tibial tuberosity (the bump at the top of your shinbone) and transfers the force of your thigh muscles so you can straighten your leg.

The quadriceps are primarily responsible for knee extension (straightening the leg).

Crosses both the hip and knee joints, assisting in both hip flexion and knee extension.

Located on the outer side of the thigh.

Located on the inner side of the thigh, crucial for patellar (kneecap) stability.

Sits deep to the rectus femoris along the front of the femur.

The hamstrings act as antagonists to the quadriceps, primarily facilitating knee flexion (bending the leg) and assisting with hip extension.

Located on the lateral (outer) posterior thigh.

Located on the medial (inner) posterior thigh, lying deep to the semitendinosus.

Located on the medial posterior thigh, characterized by its long, cord-like tendon.

• Connects the coracoid process to the acromion of the scapula.

• Forms a protective arch over the shoulder joint.

• Strong band connecting the coracoid process to the clavicle (collarbone).

• Provides major stability to the acromioclavicular joint.

• Extends from the coracoid process to the humerus (upper arm bone).

• Helps support the weight of the upper limb and prevents excessive downward movement of the arm.

• A fluid-filled sac located beneath the acromion and above the rotator cuff.

• Reduces friction during shoulder movement.

Deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, teres major.

The major muscle covering the shoulder cap. It is divided into three parts: the anterior fibers flex and internally rotate the arm, the lateral fibers abduct the arm (lift it to the side), and the posterior fibers extend and externally rotate it.

A broad muscle of the back that extends, adducts, and internally rotates the humerus.

A large chest muscle that primarily drives adduction and internal rotation of the arm, as well as flexion.

Located on the back, it acts closely with the latissimus dorsi to adduct, extend, and internally rotate the arm.

These four muscles form a protective sleeve around the shoulder joint. Their collective primary role is to stabilize the head of the humerus within the shallow shoulder socket during movement:

Initiates the first 15 degrees of arm abduction.

Provides powerful external rotation of the arm.

Works alongside the infraspinatus to assist in external rotation.

The only rotator cuff muscle on the anterior side of the scapula; it provides internal rotation.

Anterior (Front)

Ilium to intertrochanteric line of femur

Anterior/Inferior (Front/Bottom)

Pubis to intertrochanteric line of femur

Posterior (Back)

Ischium to greater trochanter of femur

Intracapsular (Inside the joint)

Acetabular notch to fovea capitis of femoral head

The strongest primary flexor of the hip.

Assists in flexing and adducting the thigh.

The longest muscle in the body; flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip (helps cross your legs).

Assists in flexing and abducting the hip.

The largest muscle in this area; acts as the primary power generator for hip extension (e.g., climbing stairs, running).

Composed of three muscles (biceps, femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus) that extend the hip and flex the knee.

The primary stabilizer if the pelvis during walking; abducts the hip.

Works alongside the gluteus medius to pull the thigh outward.

A group of muscles (adductor longus, brevis, and magnus) dedicated to squeezing the thighs together.

A long, superficial inner thigh muscle that adducts the hip and assists knee flexion.

Contributes to pulling the leg toward the midline.

These dense fibrous bands provide structural stability to the joint capsule:

Located on the medial (inner) side of the elbow. It resists valgus (outward) stress and is crucial for overhead throwing stability.

Located on the lateral (outer) side of the elbow. It resists varus (inward) stress and stabilizes against rotation.

Forms a protective collar ring around the head of the radius, holding it firmly against the ulna to allow forearm rotation (pronation and supination).

These primary muscle bodies generate physical movement across the joint hinge:

Flexes elbow joint; strong supinator of forearm

Musculocutaneous nerve

Main pure flexor of the elbow joint

Musculocutaneous nerve

Flexes elbow joint (strongest in mid-pronated position)

Radial nerve

Primary extender of the elbow joint

Radial nerve