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Skeletal Muscles of the Arm and Hand

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  • Biceps brachii primary functions

    Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm (turns the palm upward).

  • Main flexor of the elbow

    Brachialis is the main muscle responsible for flexing the elbow.

  • Role of brachioradialis

    Assists in flexing the elbow, especially when the forearm is in a mid-position between pronation and supination.

  • Function of triceps brachii

    Extends the elbow, straightening the arm.

  • Action of pronator teres

    Pronates the forearm, turning the palm downward.

  • Function of supinator muscle

    Supinates the forearm, turning the palm upward.

  • Flexor carpi radialis actions

    Flexes and abducts the wrist.

  • Flexor carpi ulnaris actions

    Flexes and adducts the wrist.

  • Palmaris longus function

    Flexes the wrist.

  • Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis functions

    Extend and abduct the wrist.

  • Extensor carpi ulnaris function

    Extends and adducts the wrist.

  • Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus actions

    Flex the fingers.

  • Extensor digitorum function

    Extends the fingers.

  • Thenar muscles role

    Move the thumb by abduction, flexion, and opposition (e.g., abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis).

  • Hypothenar muscles function

    Move the little finger (e.g., abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi).

  • Lumbricals and interossei actions

    Flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints; assist with finger movements and grip.

  • Key functions of arm and hand muscles

    Enable movement of the elbow, wrist, and fingers; grasping, holding, manipulating objects; and fine motor control like writing and typing.

  • Muscle involved in supination

    Supinator muscle turns the palm upward by supinating the forearm.

  • Muscle involved in pronation

    Pronator teres muscle turns the palm downward by pronating the forearm.

  • Muscles responsible for finger flexion

    Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus flex the fingers.

  • Muscle responsible for finger extension

    Extensor digitorum extends the fingers.