Skip to main content
Back

Skeletal System and Bone Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology

Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/18
  • Define the term organ.

    An organ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions.

  • What organ makes up the skeletal system?

    The bones make up the skeletal system.

  • What are the types of tissues that make up the skeletal system?

    The skeletal system is made up of bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood, and nervous tissue.

  • Main functions of the skeletal system.

    Supports the body, protects organs, provides levers for movement, stores minerals and lipids, and houses blood-forming tissue.

  • Compare and contrast bone classes (shapes) with examples.

    Long bones (e.g., femur), short bones (e.g., carpals), flat bones (e.g., sternum), irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae), and sesamoid bones (e.g., patella).

  • Functions of each part of a long bone.

    Diaphysis: shaft for support; epiphysis: ends for articulation; metaphysis: growth zone; medullary cavity: marrow storage; periosteum: protection and repair.

  • Histology of bone tissue: compact vs spongy.

    Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer; spongy bone is porous and found inside, containing trabeculae and marrow.

  • Two types of bone marrow and their functions.

    Red marrow produces blood cells; yellow marrow stores fat.

  • Inorganic vs organic composition of bone.

    Inorganic: mainly hydroxyapatite for hardness; organic: collagen fibers for flexibility and tensile strength.

  • Four main cell types in bone tissue and their functions.

    Osteoblasts: build bone; osteocytes: maintain bone; osteoclasts: resorb bone; osteogenic cells: stem cells for bone formation.

  • Two types of ossification in bone formation.

    Intramembranous ossification: bone forms directly from mesenchyme; endochondral ossification: bone replaces cartilage template.

  • Location of primary and secondary ossification centers in long bones.

    Primary ossification center is in the diaphysis; secondary ossification centers are in the epiphyses.

  • How does a bone grow in length and thickness?

    Length grows by endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate; thickness grows by appositional growth via osteoblasts in periosteum.

  • Difference between primary bone and secondary bone.

    Primary bone is immature, formed quickly; secondary bone is mature, remodeled with organized structure.

  • Physical, hormonal, and dietary factors influencing bone growth.

    Physical stress, hormones like growth hormone and sex steroids, and nutrients like calcium and vitamin D affect bone growth and remodeling.

  • Define Wolf’s Law.

    Wolf’s Law states that bone grows and remodels in response to the mechanical stresses placed on it.

  • General process of bone repair.

    Bone repair involves hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling.

  • How do parathyroid hormone and calcitonin influence bone health?

    Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts; calcitonin decreases blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts.