Evaluate the role of cytochrome c in the electron transport chain.

What is the role of FADH2 in the electron transport chain?

What is the relationship between oxidative phosphorylation and CO2 production in cellular respiration?

Which statement best describes the difference between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation?

What role does the proton gradient play in the symport of protons and inorganic phosphate?

What is the role of the F1 component in ATP synthase?

What structural feature is characteristic of carotenoids like beta carotene?

What does the action spectrum reveal about the relationship between light absorption and photosynthesis?

What is the primary function of chlorophyll a in photosynthesis?

Which process best describes resonance energy transfer within the light harvesting complex?

Which component of the photosystem is primarily responsible for capturing light energy?

Evaluate the advantages of cyclic electron flow over non-cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis.