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Citric Acid Cycle Practice 3 definitions

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  • Citric Acid Cycle
    A metabolic pathway whose intermediates serve as precursors for biosynthesis of compounds like porphyrins, hemes, and amino acids.
  • Intermediates
    Molecules within a metabolic pathway that can be diverted to synthesize essential cellular compounds.
  • Porphyrins
    Ring-shaped molecules synthesized from succinyl CoA, essential for heme and chlorophyll formation.
  • Hemes
    Iron-containing compounds derived from porphyrins, crucial for oxygen transport and electron transfer.
  • Anaplerotic Reactions
    Processes that replenish cycle intermediates, especially oxaloacetate, ensuring continuous metabolic function.
  • Oxaloacetate
    A four-carbon molecule regenerated by anaplerotic reactions, vital for both the cycle and biosynthesis of pyrimidines.
  • Succinyl CoA
    A cycle intermediate used in the synthesis of porphyrins and hemes, linking energy metabolism to biosynthetic pathways.
  • Alpha-Ketoglutarate
    A five-carbon compound serving as a precursor for amino acid synthesis within the cycle.
  • Amino Acids
    Building blocks of proteins, some of which are synthesized from cycle intermediates like alpha-ketoglutarate.
  • Oxalo Acids
    Compounds produced from oxaloacetate, contributing to various biosynthetic pathways.
  • Pyrimidines
    Nitrogenous bases synthesized from oxaloacetate, essential for nucleic acid structure.
  • Nucleic Acids
    Polymers composed of nucleotides, whose pyrimidine components originate from cycle intermediates.
  • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
    An enzyme catalyzing a reaction in the cycle that produces NADH, releases CO2, and forms a carbon-oxygen double bond.
  • NADH
    A high-energy electron carrier generated during the cycle, crucial for cellular respiration.
  • CO2
    A gaseous byproduct released during decarboxylation steps in the cycle, including the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction.