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Fatty Acid Oxidation Practice 1 definitions

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  • Carnitine
    Essential molecule for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix via a specialized shuttle system.
  • Carnitine Shuttle
    Transport mechanism moving fatty acids into mitochondria, exchanging carnitine and fatty acyl groups across membranes.
  • Mitochondrial Matrix
    Intracellular compartment where fatty acid oxidation and ATP production occur after fatty acid transport.
  • Antiport
    Transport system exchanging two molecules in opposite directions across a membrane, crucial for fatty acid entry.
  • Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase
    Enzyme initiating beta-oxidation, generating FADH2 by oxidizing fatty acyl-CoA.
  • Enoyl-CoA Hydratase
    Enzyme in beta-oxidation that adds water, forming an alcohol group on the fatty acid chain.
  • Beta-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase
    Enzyme oxidizing alcohol groups in beta-oxidation, producing NADH for energy conversion.
  • Thiolase
    Enzyme cleaving acetyl-CoA from fatty acid chains during the final step of beta-oxidation.
  • Palmitic Acid
    Saturated fatty acid whose complete oxidation yields 108 ATP molecules through beta-oxidation and the citric acid cycle.
  • Palmitoleic Acid
    Monounsaturated fatty acid producing fewer ATP than saturated counterparts due to reduced FADH2 generation.
  • FADH2
    Electron carrier produced during fatty acid oxidation, contributing to ATP synthesis in mitochondria.
  • NADH
    Electron carrier generated in beta-oxidation, essential for ATP production via the electron transport chain.
  • Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
    Metabolic intermediate derived from glycerol, linking lipid breakdown to carbohydrate metabolism.
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate
    Metabolic product of DHAP conversion, integrating lipid and carbohydrate pathways for energy production.
  • Beta-Oxidation
    Sequential process breaking down fatty acids in mitochondria, generating acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2.