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Practice - Nucleic Acids 2 definitions

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  • Chargaff's Rules
    Principle stating purines and pyrimidines are equal in double-stranded DNA due to specific base pairing.
  • Purine
    Nitrogenous base type found in DNA, includes adenine and guanine, paired with pyrimidines.
  • Pyrimidine
    Nitrogenous base type in DNA, includes cytosine and thymine, paired with purines.
  • Adenine
    Nitrogenous base in DNA that forms pairs with thymine, maintaining base complementarity.
  • Thymine
    Nitrogenous base in DNA that forms pairs with adenine, ensuring equal base ratios.
  • Cytosine
    Nitrogenous base in DNA that forms pairs with guanine, contributing to DNA stability.
  • Guanine
    Nitrogenous base in DNA that forms pairs with cytosine, supporting double-stranded structure.
  • Major Groove
    Larger indentation in DNA helix where proteins commonly bind, crucial for molecular interactions.
  • Minor Groove
    Smaller indentation in DNA helix, less frequently targeted by proteins compared to its counterpart.
  • Palindromic Sequence
    DNA segment reading identically 5' to 3' on both strands, recognized by restriction enzymes.
  • Antiparallel
    Arrangement of DNA strands running in opposite directions, essential for proper base pairing.
  • Nucleotide Numbering
    System assigning numbers to base positions and sugar carbons, aiding in molecular identification.
  • Deoxycytosine Triphosphate
    DNA building block with three phosphates attached to the 5' carbon, vital for synthesis and fidelity.
  • Phosphate Group
    Chemical moiety attached to the 5' carbon of DNA sugar, key for nucleotide linkage and energy.