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The Scientific Method definitions

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  • Scientific Method
    A systematic procedure for answering questions, testing ideas, and gaining scientific knowledge through defined steps.
  • Observation
    The collection of information from a primary source using senses or instruments, initiating the process of inquiry.
  • Hypothesis
    A proposed, testable explanation for an observation that predicts outcomes and addresses underlying reasons.
  • Theory
    A broad, testable explanation supported by substantial evidence, unifying multiple observations and hypotheses.
  • Law
    A testable phenomenon consistently proven true by the scientific community, describing natural behavior.
  • Experiment
    A designed procedure to test a hypothesis by manipulating variables and observing outcomes.
  • Data
    Collected information or measurements from experiments, used to interpret results and draw conclusions.
  • Conclusion
    A judgment based on experimental data, determining whether to accept or reject a hypothesis.
  • Peer Review
    Evaluation of scientific work by others in the field before publication, ensuring validity and reliability.
  • Prediction
    A specific expected outcome derived from a hypothesis, guiding experimental design.
  • Primary Source
    Original material or firsthand evidence collected directly during observation or experimentation.
  • Qualitative Observation
    Descriptive information gathered without numerical measurement, focusing on characteristics or qualities.
  • Quantitative Observation
    Information involving numerical values or measurements, providing objective data for analysis.
  • Falsifiability
    The capacity for a hypothesis or theory to be proven incorrect through evidence or experimentation.
  • Publication
    The process of sharing scientific findings with the community, often after peer review, as primary literature.