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Anatomical Language and Body Parts

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  • Anatomical Position

    Standard reference position in anatomy where the body stands upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.

  • Superior (Cranial)

    Directional term meaning above or toward the head.

  • Inferior (Caudal)

    Directional term meaning below or toward the feet.

  • Anterior (Ventral)

    Directional term meaning front of the body.

  • Posterior (Dorsal)

    Directional term meaning back of the body.

  • Medial

    Directional term meaning toward the midline of the body.

  • Lateral

    Directional term meaning away from the midline of the body.

  • Proximal

    Directional term meaning closer to the point of attachment or origin.

  • Distal

    Directional term meaning farther from the point of attachment or origin.

  • Superficial (External)

    Directional term meaning nearer to the surface of the body.

  • Deep (Internal)

    Directional term meaning farther from the surface of the body.

  • Sagittal Plane

    Vertical plane dividing the body into left and right parts.

  • Frontal (Coronal) Plane

    Vertical plane dividing the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts.

  • Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

    Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.

  • Thoracic Region

    Body region corresponding to the chest area.

  • Abdominal Region

    Body region corresponding to the abdomen or belly area.

  • Pelvic Region

    Body region corresponding to the pelvis area below the abdomen.

  • Cephalic Region

    Body region referring to the head.

  • Upper Limb

    Body region including the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.

  • Lower Limb

    Body region including the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.