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Anatomy & Physiology: Anatomical Terms, Body Planes, and Cavities

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Termini in questo insieme (23)

  • What is the anatomical position?

    The body is erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing away from the body.

  • Define the term 'Superior (cranial)'.

    Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above.

  • Define the term 'Inferior (caudal)'.

    Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.

  • What does 'Ventral (anterior)' mean?

    Toward or at the front of the body; in front of.

  • What does 'Dorsal (posterior)' mean?

    Toward or at the back of the body; behind.

  • Define 'Medial'.

    Toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of.

  • Define 'Lateral'.

    Away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of.

  • What is meant by 'Intermediate' in anatomical terms?

    Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.

  • Define 'Proximal'.

    Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

  • Define 'Distal'.

    Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

  • What does 'Superficial (external)' mean?

    Toward or at the body surface.

  • What does 'Deep (internal)' mean?

    Away from the body surface; more internal.

  • Name the three main body planes.

    Frontal (coronal), Sagittal (midsagittal or median), and Transverse (horizontal) planes.

  • What does the sagittal plane divide?

    Divides the body into right and left parts.

  • What does the frontal (coronal) plane divide?

    Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

  • What does the transverse (horizontal) plane divide?

    Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

  • What are the two main body cavity systems?

    Dorsal cavity (cranial and vertebral cavities) and Ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities).

  • What does the dorsal body cavity protect?

    Protects the nervous system; includes the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord).

  • What organs are housed in the ventral body cavity?

    Houses internal organs (viscera); includes thoracic cavity (heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic cavity (digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs).

  • What is the function of the serous membranes in the ventral body cavity?

    Parietal serosa lines internal body walls; visceral serosa covers internal organs; serous fluid separates the two layers to reduce friction.

  • Name some other body cavities besides dorsal and ventral.

    Oral and digestive cavities, nasal cavity, orbital cavity, middle ear cavities, and synovial cavities in joints.

  • What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?

    Right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left iliac (inguinal), and hypogastric (pubic) regions.

  • What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

    Right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower quadrants.