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Anatomy & Physiology: Cell Structure and Function

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • Define complementarity in anatomy and physiology.
    Complementarity means that the structure of a body part is related to its function.
  • What are the main subatomic particles of an atom?
    Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • What is the difference between positive and negative feedback?
    Positive feedback amplifies a change; negative feedback reverses a change to maintain homeostasis.
  • Name the three main parts or regions of a human cell.
    Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
  • What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
    The nucleus stores DNA and controls cell activities.
  • Describe the function of mitochondria.
    Mitochondria produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
  • What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
    The RER synthesizes and processes proteins.
  • What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
    The SER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals.
  • What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
    The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
  • Define homeostasis.
    Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment.
  • What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
    DNA stores genetic information; RNA helps in protein synthesis.
  • What are the four main macromolecules in the body?
    Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
  • What is the function of proteins in the body?
    Proteins provide structure, function as enzymes, and support cell processes.
  • How do isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions affect cells?
    Isotonic solutions cause no change; hypertonic cause cells to shrink; hypotonic cause cells to swell.
  • What is passive transport?
    Movement of molecules across membranes without energy input.
  • Name types of passive transport.
    Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
  • What is an ion and how is it formed?
    An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, acquiring a charge.
  • What is the role of the plasma membrane?
    The plasma membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
  • What are cilia and microvilli?
    Cilia move substances across the cell surface; microvilli increase surface area for absorption.
  • What is the hierarchy of life organization?
    Atoms > molecules > organelles > cells > tissues > organs > organ systems > organisms.