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Anatomy & Physiology: Cell Transport, Skin, and Immune Functions

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Termini in questo insieme (12)

  • What are cations and anions?

    Cations are positively charged ions, and anions are negatively charged ions.

  • Define tonicity.

    Tonicity describes the ability of a solution to affect the volume of a cell by osmosis.

  • What is secondary active transport?

    Secondary active transport uses the energy from an ion gradient created by primary active transport to move other substances against their gradient.

  • Explain facilitated diffusion.

    Facilitated diffusion is passive transport of molecules across membranes via specific carrier proteins without energy use.

  • What are the main phases of the cell life cycle?

    The cell life cycle includes interphase (growth and DNA replication) and mitosis (cell division).

  • Where are melanocytes located and what is their function?

    Melanocytes are located in the basal layer of the epidermis and produce melanin to protect skin from UV damage.

  • How is vitamin D synthesized in the skin?

    UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to vitamin D3, which is then activated in the liver and kidneys.

  • What is the function of dermal papillae?

    Dermal papillae increase surface area between dermis and epidermis, enhancing nutrient exchange and strengthening skin attachment.

  • What is dermcidin and its role?

    Dermcidin is an antimicrobial peptide secreted by sweat glands that helps protect skin from bacterial infection.

  • What are mast cells and their function in the skin?

    Mast cells are immune cells in the skin that release histamine and other chemicals during allergic and inflammatory responses.

  • Name some white blood cells involved in skin immunity.

    White blood cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes help defend the skin against pathogens.

  • How do skin immune cells contribute to defense?

    Skin immune cells detect pathogens, initiate inflammation, and coordinate adaptive immune responses to protect the body.