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Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter One Key Concepts

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What is Anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body.

  • What are the main subdisciplines of Anatomy?

    Microscopic, gross, comparative, developmental, embryological, regional, surface, systemic, pathologic, radiographic, and surgical anatomy.

  • Define Physiology.

    Physiology is the study of the function of body systems and how the body works.

  • What is the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

    Structure dictates function; any change in structure results in a change in function.

  • List the levels of structural organization in the human body.

    Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.

  • What is the importance of maintaining boundaries in the body?

    Maintains separation between internal and external environments to protect cells from pathogens and harmful substances.

  • Name the 11 organ systems of the human body.

    Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive.

  • What are the survival needs of the human body?

    Nutrients, oxygen, normal body temperature, appropriate atmospheric pressure, and proper pH balance.

  • What is homeostasis?

    The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • Describe the components of a homeostatic control system.

    Stimulus, receptor, control center, and effector.

  • What is negative feedback?

    A mechanism that reverses a stimulus to maintain homeostasis; most common feedback type.

  • Give an example of positive feedback in the human body.

    Childbirth, where oxytocin amplifies contractions to complete delivery.

  • What is the standard anatomic position?

    Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from the body.

  • What are the main body planes?

    Sagittal (mid and para), frontal, transverse, and oblique planes.

  • Name the major body cavities.

    Dorsal (cranial and vertebral) and ventral (thoracic and abdominopelvic) cavities.

  • What membranes line the ventral body cavities?

    Serous membranes with parietal (lining cavity walls) and visceral (covering organs) layers separated by serous fluid.

  • What organs are found in the mediastinum?

    Heart, esophagus, trachea, and other thoracic organs excluding the lungs.

  • What is the function of serous fluid?

    Acts as a lubricant to prevent friction between organs and cavity walls.

  • List common radiographic imaging techniques.

    X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, PET, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

  • What are the 7 essential concepts in physiology?

    Cell membrane, cell-to-cell communication, interdependence, flow down gradients, energy, structure/function, and homeostasis.