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Anatomy & Physiology Core Concepts

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What is the smallest living unit in the human body?

    The cell is the smallest living unit in the human body.

  • What does a transverse body cut divide?

    A transverse cut divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

  • What does a coronal (frontal) cut divide?

    A coronal (frontal) cut divides the body into ventral (front) and dorsal (back) sides.

  • What is a sagittal cut and its variations?

    A sagittal cut divides the body into left and right sides. A midsagittal cut is exactly at the midline, while a parasagittal cut is off the midline.

  • Name the major body cavities and what they contain.

    The dorsal cavity contains the cranial cavity (brain) and spinal cavity (spinal cord). The ventral cavity includes the thoracic cavity (lungs and mediastinum) and abdominopelvic cavity (kidneys, stomach, liver, intestines, pancreas, gallbladder, bladder, reproductive organs, ureters, rectum).

  • What is the structure and function of the serous membrane?

    The serous membrane is a thin lining that covers cavity walls (parietal layer) and organs (visceral layer). It produces serous fluid to reduce friction. Examples include pleura (lungs), pericardium (heart), and peritoneum (abdominopelvic organs).

  • List the levels of organization from atom to organism with examples.

    Levels: Atom (oxygen), molecule (water), organelle (mitochondria), cell (muscle cell), tissue (epithelial tissue), organ (heart), organ system (cardiovascular system), organism (human).

  • Primary organs and function of the respiratory system?

    Organs: lungs. Function: deliver oxygen to blood and remove carbon dioxide.

  • Primary organs and function of the cardiovascular system?

    Organs: heart and blood vessels. Function: deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues.

  • Primary organs and function of the digestive system?

    Organs: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, kidneys. Function: process food, absorb nutrients, eliminate waste as feces.

  • Primary organs and function of the nervous system?

    Organs: brain and nerves. Function: respond to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands.

  • Primary organs and function of the urinary/excretory system?

    Organs: kidneys and urinary tract. Function: remove nitrogenous waste, regulate electrolytes, pH, and acid-base balance.

  • Primary organs and function of the integumentary system?

    Organs: skin, nails, hair. Function: protect deeper tissues, synthesize vitamin D, house sweat and oil glands, and sensory receptors.

  • Primary organs and function of the lymphatic/immune system?

    Organs: lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, thymus. Function: return leaked fluid to blood, remove debris, and support immunity.

  • Primary organs and function of the endocrine system?

    Organs: pituitary, thymus, pancreas, hypothalamus, adrenal glands. Function: secrete hormones regulating growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

  • Primary organs and function of the reproductive system?

    Organs: ovaries, testes, and associated structures. Function: produce offspring, sperm, eggs, and sex hormones.

  • Primary organs and function of the skeletal system?

    Organs: bones. Function: provide framework, protect organs, and support muscles.

  • Primary organs and function of the muscular system?

    Organs: skeletal muscles. Function: enable movement, maintain posture, and produce heat.

  • Describe the anatomical position.

    Body standing with head and toes pointing forward, arms at sides, and palms facing forward.

  • What is serosa and what does it cover?

    Serosa is a thin membrane lining cavity walls (parietal layer) and covering organs (visceral layer), producing fluid to reduce friction. Examples: pleura (lungs), pericardium (heart), peritoneum (abdominopelvic organs).