IndietroAnatomy & Physiology Core Concepts
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Termini in questo insieme (42)
Growth, reproduction, metabolism, responsiveness, movement, differentiation, and maintaining homeostasis.
Gross anatomy (macroscopic), microscopic anatomy (cells and tissues), systemic physiology, and cell physiology.
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.
Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Processes that detect and respond to changes to maintain homeostasis, involving receptors, control centers, and effectors.
A response that reverses a change to return conditions to normal (e.g., body temperature regulation).
A response that amplifies a change, moving conditions further from normal (e.g., blood clotting, childbirth contractions).
Body standing upright, facing forward, feet flat, arms at sides with palms facing forward.
Supine: lying face up; prone: lying face down.
Quadrants: right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower; Regions: nine areas including epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, etc.
Terms like superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep describe location.
Coronal (frontal), sagittal (left/right), and transverse (horizontal) planes.
Dorsal cavity (cranial and vertebral) and ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic).
The study of matter, its properties, and how it changes.
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space; mass is the amount of matter in an object.
Protons (+), neutrons (neutral), electrons (-).
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, defining the element.
Isotopes have the same number of protons but different neutrons; radioisotopes are unstable isotopes that emit radiation.
The average mass of an element's isotopes weighted by abundance.
Energy levels around the nucleus where electrons orbit.
Chemical bond: force holding atoms together; molecule: two or more atoms bonded; compound: molecule with different elements.
Cations (positive charge) and anions (negative charge).
Bond formed by transfer of electrons between atoms creating oppositely charged ions.
Bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.
The cohesive force at the surface of water caused by hydrogen bonding.
Kinetic energy is energy of motion; potential energy is stored energy.
Decomposition breaks molecules down; synthesis builds molecules up. Hydrolysis adds water to break bonds; dehydration synthesis removes water to form bonds.
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.
Exergonic release energy; endergonic require energy input.
Nutrients are substances needed for energy and growth; metabolites are products of metabolism.
Inorganic lack carbon-hydrogen bonds; organic contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.
High heat capacity, solvent abilities, lubrication, and chemical reactivity.
pH measures hydrogen ion concentration; acids release H+; bases accept H+.
Salt dissociates into ions; electrolytes conduct electricity; buffers maintain pH balance.
Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; primary energy source.
Hydrophobic molecules including fats, oils, and steroids; fatty acids are building blocks.
Polymers of amino acids; perform structural, enzymatic, and regulatory functions.
DNA and RNA; store and transmit genetic information.
Adenosine triphosphate; primary energy carrier in cells.
hydrolytic
type of decomposition reaction using water, building polypeptides is a synthesis reaction