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Anatomy & Physiology: Epithelial and Connective Tissues

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Termini in questo insieme (35)

  • Overall functions of epithelial tissue

    Covers, lines surfaces, and forms glands.

  • Key anatomical features of epithelial tissue

    High cellularity, polarity (attached to basement membrane on one side, free surface on the other), and presence of a basement membrane.

  • How are epithelial tissues classified?

    By number of cellular layers and cell shape.

  • Types of epithelial layers

    Simple: one layer; Stratified: 2+ layers; Pseudostratified: one layer but appears multilayered.

  • Common epithelial cell shapes

    Squamous: flat; Cuboidal: equal dimensions; Columnar: taller than wide; Transitional: irregular/polyhedral.

  • Function and location of simple squamous epithelium

    Allows rapid diffusion; found in lungs and blood vessels (endothelium).

  • Function and location of simple cuboidal epithelium

    Secretion and absorption; located in kidney tubules and glands.

  • Features of simple columnar epithelium

    One layer of columnar cells; may have microvilli (absorption), cilia (movement), and goblet cells (mucus production).

  • Functions and locations of simple columnar epithelium

    Absorption, movement, and mucus production; found in the digestive system and respiratory tract.

  • Characteristics of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

    One layer of columnar cells that looks multilayered; may have goblet cells and cilia.

  • Functions and locations of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

    Mucus production if goblet cells present; movement if cilia present; located in male reproductive system and respiratory tract.

  • Features of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

    Multiple layers of squamous cells with keratin, which kills cells and provides a tough, protective, dry surface.

  • Function and location of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

    Protection in dry areas; found in the epidermis (skin).

  • Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium features

    Multiple layers of squamous cells without keratin; cells are alive and contain nuclei.

  • Function and location of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

    Protection in moist areas; found in oral cavity, anal canal, and vagina.

  • Characteristics of stratified cuboidal epithelium

    Two or more layers of cuboidal cells; provides protection.

  • Location of stratified cuboidal epithelium

    Found mainly in glands.

  • Function and location of stratified columnar epithelium

    Protection; located in the male reproductive system.

  • Features and function of transitional epithelium

    Multiple layers of irregularly shaped (polyhedral) cells; allows stretching and relaxing.

  • Location of transitional epithelium

    Found in the urinary bladder.

  • Overall functions of connective tissue

    Protects, connects, and supports other tissues.

  • Main components of connective tissue anatomy

    Cells, protein fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular), and ground substance.

  • Three major categories of connective tissue

    Connective tissue proper, supporting connective tissue, and liquid connective tissue.

  • Difference between loose and dense connective tissue

    Loose CT: fewer protein fibers, more ground substance; Dense CT: more protein fibers, less ground substance.

  • Areolar connective tissue features and function

    Contains fibroblasts, collagen and elastic fibers; functions as a binder; located in the dermis of skin.

  • Adipose tissue anatomy and function

    Composed of adipocytes with few protein fibers and jelly-like ground substance; provides protection, storage, and insulation.

  • Reticular tissue features and location

    Contains white blood cells and reticular fibers in fluid ground substance; provides a framework; found in spleen and lymph nodes.

  • Dense regular connective tissue characteristics

    Fibroblasts with collagen fibers aligned in one direction; provides strength in one direction; found in tendons and ligaments.

  • Dense irregular connective tissue features and location

    Fibroblasts with collagen fibers in multiple directions; found in the dermis of skin.

  • Elastic connective tissue anatomy and function

    Fibroblasts with elastic fibers; allows stretching and recoil; located in arteries.

  • Hyaline cartilage features and function

    Chondrocytes in lacunae with low protein fibers and semi-solid ground substance; provides a gliding surface; found at ends of long bones.

  • Fibrocartilage anatomy and function

    Chondrocytes in lacunae with collagen fibers and semi-solid ground substance; provides strength; located in the vertebral column.

  • Elastic cartilage features and location

    Chondrocytes in lacunae with elastic fibers and semi-solid ground substance; allows bending and snapping back; found in the ear.

  • Bone (osseous tissue) anatomy and function

    Osteocytes in lacunae with collagen fibers and solid ground substance; provides framework and protection; located in bone.

  • Blood as liquid connective tissue

    Contains red and white blood cells, platelets, fibrin protein fibers, and liquid ground substance; functions in transport; located in blood vessels.