IndietroAnatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Terminology
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Termini in questo insieme (29)
Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.
Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts function.
Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Negative feedback is a control mechanism that reverses a change to maintain homeostasis.
Positive feedback amplifies a change, moving the system further from its starting state.
A receptor detects changes in the environment and sends information to the control center.
The control center processes information from receptors and sends instructions to effectors.
An effector carries out the instructions from the control center to produce a response.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
A proton is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
An electron is a negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom.
An ionic bond forms when electrons are transferred between atoms, creating ions.
A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons.
A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.
pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with lower values acidic and higher values basic.
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells.
The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as the cell, causing no net water movement.
A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell, causing water to leave the cell.
A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water to enter the cell.
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy (ATP).
Endocytosis is the process of taking materials into the cell by vesicle formation.
Exocytosis is the process of expelling materials from the cell via vesicles.
Mitochondria are organelles that produce ATP through cellular respiration.
Ribosomes are organelles that synthesize proteins.
The rough ER has ribosomes and synthesizes proteins; the smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies.