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Anatomy & Physiology: Human Body Overview and Homeostasis

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Termini in questo insieme (24)

  • What is anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

  • What are the main types of anatomy?

    Gross (macroscopic) anatomy studies large visible structures, microscopic anatomy studies structures too small to be seen with the naked eye, and developmental anatomy studies anatomical changes throughout life.

  • What is physiology?

    Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities, often focusing on cellular and molecular levels.

  • List the levels of structural organization in the human body.

    Chemical (atoms, molecules), Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, and Organismal levels.

  • What are the basic requirements for life?

    Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.

  • What is the function of the integumentary system?

    It forms the external body covering, protects deeper tissues, synthesizes vitamin D, and houses receptors and glands.

  • What is the role of the skeletal system?

    Protects and supports body organs, provides a framework for muscles to cause movement, forms blood cells, and stores minerals.

  • What functions does the muscular system perform?

    Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, facial expression, maintains posture, and produces heat.

  • What is the primary function of the nervous system?

    Acts as the fast-acting control system, responding to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands.

  • What does the endocrine system do?

    Secretes hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism by body cells.

  • Describe the cardiovascular system's main function.

    Transports blood carrying oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes; the heart pumps blood.

  • What is the role of the lymphatic system?

    Returns leaked fluid to blood, disposes of debris, houses immune cells, and mounts immune responses.

  • What does the respiratory system do?

    Supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide through gas exchange in lung air sacs.

  • What is the function of the digestive system?

    Breaks down food into absorbable units for distribution to body cells and eliminates indigestible food as feces.

  • What are the main functions of the urinary system?

    Eliminates nitrogenous wastes and regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.

  • What is homeostasis?

    Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous environmental changes, essential for normal body function.

  • What are the three components of homeostatic control?

    Receptor detects change, control center determines set point and response, effector carries out response.

  • Differentiate negative and positive feedback in homeostasis.

    Negative feedback reduces or shuts off original stimulus; positive feedback enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus.

  • What is the standard anatomical position?

    Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.

  • Name the three common body planes used in anatomical study.

    Sagittal plane divides body into left and right, frontal (coronal) plane divides into anterior and posterior, transverse plane divides into superior and inferior parts.

  • What are directional terms based on the anatomical position?

    Terms like superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal describe location relative to other body parts.

  • What are the two major body divisions?

    Axial (head, neck, trunk) and appendicular (limbs).

  • What are the major body cavities?

    Dorsal cavity (cranial and vertebral), ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities).

  • What is the serosa (serous membrane)?

    Thin, double-layered membranes covering surfaces in ventral body cavity; parietal lines cavity walls, visceral covers organs, separated by serous fluid.