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Anatomy & Physiology Key Concepts

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Termini in questo insieme (22)

  • Define Anatomy

    Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.

  • Define Physiology

    Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts function.

  • Difference between Gross Anatomy and Microscopic Anatomy

    Gross anatomy studies structures visible to the naked eye; microscopic anatomy studies structures too small to see without a microscope.

  • Example of when to use Microscopic Anatomy

    Studying how smooth muscle cells connect to each other requires microscopic anatomy.

  • Define Complementarity of Structure and Function

    Complementarity means structure determines function; the shape of a body part enables its specific job.

  • List the 6 Levels of Organization in the Body

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism levels.

  • Example of the Cellular Level

    A muscle cell is an example of the cellular level.

  • Name the 11 Organ Systems

    Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive.

  • Major Function of the Skeletal System

    Provides support and protection for the body and produces blood cells.

  • Describe the Standard Anatomical Position

    Body standing upright, feet together, arms at sides, palms facing forward, and head facing forward.

  • Use of Directional Terms

    Directional terms describe locations on the body, e.g., anterior (front), posterior (back), proximal (nearer to trunk).

  • Name the Body Planes

    Sagittal, Midsagittal, Frontal (coronal), Transverse, and Oblique planes.

  • Location of the Ventral Body Cavity

    Located on the anterior side of the body, contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

  • Major Organs in the Thoracic Cavity

    Heart and lungs are the major organs in the thoracic cavity.

  • Major Organs in the Abdominopelvic Cavity

    Stomach, liver, intestines, and reproductive organs are in the abdominopelvic cavity.

  • Structure Dividing Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities

    The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

  • Location of the Dorsal Body Cavity

    Located on the posterior side of the body, contains cranial and spinal cavities.

  • Major Organs in the Dorsal Body Cavity

    The brain (cranial cavity) and spinal cord (spinal cavity) are housed in the dorsal cavity.

  • Define Homeostasis

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • Difference between Negative and Positive Feedback

    Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain balance; positive feedback amplifies a change to complete a process.

  • Example of Negative Feedback

    Regulation of body temperature by sweating or shivering is a negative feedback mechanism.

  • Example of Positive Feedback

    Blood clotting and childbirth contractions are examples of positive feedback.