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Anatomy & Physiology: Major Muscle Groups and Their Actions

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Termini in questo insieme (22)

  • Frontalis (Epicranius frontal belly)

    Origin: Aponeurosis
    Insertion: Skin of eyebrows
    Action: Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

  • Occipitalis (Epicranius occipital belly)

    Origin: Occipital bone and temporal bone
    Insertion: Aponeurosis
    Action: Pulls scalp posteriorly

  • Orbicularis oculi

    Origin: Frontal bone and maxilla
    Insertion: Tissue of eyelids
    Action: Closes eyes

  • Masseter

    Origin: Zygomatic bone
    Insertion: Mandible
    Action: Elevates mandible

  • Sternocleidomastoid

    Origin: Sternum and clavicle
    Insertion: Temporal bone
    Action: Flexes and laterally rotates head

  • Trapezius

    Origin: Occipital bone and thoracic vertebrae
    Insertion: Scapula and clavicle
    Action: Adducts, elevates, stabilizes scapula; extends neck

  • Levator scapulae

    Origin: Cervical vertebrae (C1–C4)
    Insertion: Scapula
    Action: Adducts and elevates scapula

  • Subscapularis

    Origin: Scapula
    Insertion: Humerus
    Action: Stabilizes humerus and medially rotates it

  • Supraspinatus

    Origin: Scapula
    Insertion: Humerus
    Action: Stabilizes humerus and abducts it

  • Latissimus dorsi

    Origin: Ilium, lower ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
    Insertion: Humerus
    Action: Adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus

  • Deltoid

    Origin: Clavicle and scapula
    Insertion: Humerus
    Action: Abducts, flexes, and medially rotates humerus

  • Biceps brachii (short and long heads)

    Origin: Scapula
    Insertion: Radius
    Action: Flexes and supinates antebrachium

  • Triceps brachii (all heads)

    Origin: Scapula and humerus
    Insertion: Ulna
    Action: Extends antebrachium

  • Flexor carpi radialis

    Origin: Humerus
    Insertion: Metacarpals
    Action: Flexes hand, wrist, and fingers

  • Rectus abdominis

    Origin: Pubis
    Insertion: Sternum and ribs (5-7)
    Action: Flexes and rotates lumbar vertebrae; stabilizes pelvis

  • External oblique

    Origin: Ribs (5-12)
    Insertion: Ilium, pubis, and linea alba
    Action: Flexes vertebrae, compresses abdomen, laterally rotates trunk

  • Diaphragm

    Origin: Inferior border of ribs and sternum
    Insertion: Central tendon of diaphragm
    Action: Aids in inspiration

  • Sartorius

    Origin: Ilium
    Insertion: Tibia
    Action: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh

  • Quadriceps group (Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius)

    Origin: Ilium and femur
    Insertion: Patella
    Action: Flexes thigh (rectus femoris) and extends leg (all)

  • Hamstrings group (Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)

    Origin: Ischium and femur
    Insertion: Tibia and fibula
    Action: Extends thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg

  • Gastrocnemius

    Origin: Femur
    Insertion: Calcaneus
    Action: Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg

  • Tibialis anterior

    Origin: Tibia
    Insertion: Medial cuneiform and metatarsal #1
    Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot