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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscle and Joint Basics

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Termini in questo insieme (34)

  • Types of joints and their mobility
    Fibrous (immovable), Cartilaginous (slightly movable), Synovial (freely movable)
  • Protein NOT in thin filament
    Myosin does not belong in a thin filament; it is part of the thick filament.
  • Sliding filament mechanism description
    Thin filaments slide past thick filaments towards the M line during muscle contraction.
  • Key function in excitation-contraction coupling
    The storage and release of calcium ions triggers muscle contraction.
  • Basic function of all muscle tissue
    To contract (shorten), generate tension, force, and produce movement.
  • Role of elastic fibers in muscle tissue
    They resist excessive stretching and help muscle fibers spring back to original length after stretch.
  • Definition of a motor unit
    A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates.
  • Common features of skeletal and smooth muscle contractions
    Both use thick and thin filaments, require calcium, and use ATP for energy.
  • What anchors thin and elastic filaments in myofibrils?
    The Z disc (or Z line) anchors thin and elastic filaments.
  • Muscle response to physical inactivity
    Muscle atrophy, a decrease in muscle size and strength.
  • Muscles used in ventilation (breathing)
    The diaphragm, external intercostals, and muscles for quiet exhalation.
  • Prime mover of elbow flexion
    The brachialis muscle is the prime mover for elbow flexion.
  • Muscle group that flexes the leg at the knee when climbing stairs
    The hamstring group flexes the leg at the knee.
  • Functions of the gluteus muscles
    Gluteus Maximus: extends thigh backward; Gluteus Medius: hip abduction; Gluteus Minimus: hip abduction and thigh inward rotation.
  • Muscles responsible for rotating thigh and pelvis during walking
    Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus rotate the thigh and pelvis.
  • Agonist muscle function
    The prime mover that contracts and shortens to produce a specific movement.
  • Antagonist muscle function
    Opposes the agonist by gently lengthening and relaxing to control or stop motion.
  • Synergist muscle function
    Assists the agonist by adding extra force during movement.
  • Fixator muscle function
    Stabilizes the origin of the agonist so all pulling power moves the target bone.
  • Muscles of the abdomen and their fiber directions
    Rectus abdominis (vertical), pyramidalis (vertical), external oblique (inferomedial), internal oblique (superomedial), transversus abdominis (transverse).
  • Muscle that flexes and abducts the hand
    The flexor carpi radialis flexes and abducts the hand.
  • Six levels of skeletal muscle structure
    Whole muscle (organ), muscle fibers (cells), myofibrils, sarcomeres, myofilaments.
  • Location and description of the platysma muscle
    A broad, thin sheet of muscle in the front triangle of the neck.
  • Angular movement moving a body part away from midline
    Abduction moves a body part away from the midline.
  • Radial collateral ligament (RCL) of the elbow
    A short, strong band on the lateral (outer) side of the elbow.
  • Common locations of hinge joints
    Found in knees, elbows, fingers, toes, and ankles.
  • Movement of forearm and hand toward face at elbow joint
    Flexion at the elbow joint.
  • Posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments of the knee
    PCL is at the back of the knee; ACL is at the front of the knee.
  • Structure of a synovial joint
    A fluid-filled space called the joint cavity between articulating bones.
  • Primary motions of elbow and knee joints
    Flexion and extension are the main motions.
  • Function of tendon sheaths
    Protective, fluid-filled layers that wrap around tendons to help smooth movement.
  • Joint movement when shaking head 'no'
    Rotation is the movement involved.
  • Example of abduction movement
    Lifting the arm straight out to the side at the shoulder.
  • Annular ligament function
    Strong band wrapping around the head of the radius, holding it against the ulna at the elbow.