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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues and Connective Tissue Study Deck

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Termini in questo insieme (19)

  • What are the four main tissue types in the body?
    Epithelial (covers and lines surfaces), Connective (binds and supports), Muscle (contracts), and Nervous (communicates with electrical signals).
  • What is the function of tight junctions between cells?
    They act like a zipper or seal to prevent leakage between cells.
  • What is the role of desmosomes in tissue?
    Desmosomes act like velcro or spot welds that hold cells together against stretching.
  • What is a gap junction?
    A tunnel between cells allowing them to pass messages and small molecules.
  • How is epithelial tissue named?
    By shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional) and layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified).
  • What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelium?
    Simple has one cell layer; stratified has two or more layers.
  • What is pseudostratified epithelium?
    It appears layered but every cell touches the basement membrane, so it is a single layer.
  • Where is simple squamous epithelium found and what is its function?
    Found in endothelium (blood vessels) and mesothelium (body cavities); functions in diffusion and filtration.
  • What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium and where is it found?
    It performs secretion and absorption, found in the thyroid and kidneys.
  • What distinguishes stratified squamous epithelium?
    It provides protection with many layers; keratinized type is dry skin, non-keratinized is moist like vaginal canal.
  • What is the function of transitional epithelium and where is it located?
    It stretches and changes shape, found in the bladder, ureters, and urethra.
  • What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
    Endocrine glands have no ducts and secrete hormones into the blood; exocrine glands secrete through ducts to surfaces.
  • How do merocrine and holocrine glands differ in secretion?
    Merocrine glands release secretions via vesicles; holocrine glands release by whole cell bursting.
  • What are the three main fibers in connective tissue matrix?
    Collagen (strength), elastin (stretch), and reticular (mesh network).
  • What is the difference between fibroblasts and fibrocytes?
    Fibroblasts are active builder cells that make matrix; fibrocytes are mature cells that maintain it.
  • Name the types of connective tissue and a key location for each.
    Areolar (everywhere), Reticular (lymph nodes), Adipose (under skin), Dense regular (tendons), Dense irregular (dermis).
  • What distinguishes dense regular from dense irregular connective tissue?
    Dense regular has parallel fibers for unidirectional pull; dense irregular has fibers in multiple directions for strength.
  • What are the three types of muscle tissue and their characteristics?
    Skeletal: striated, voluntary; Cardiac: striated, involuntary, with intercalated discs; Smooth: non-striated, involuntary.
  • What are neurons and neuroglia?
    Neurons are excitable cells that send signals; neuroglia are support cells for neurons.