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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues - Epithelial and Connective Tissue

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Termini in questo insieme (23)

  • What is a tissue?

    Tissue is a group of structurally similar cells that perform a common or related function.

  • What are the four primary types of tissues?

    Epithelial (covering), Connective (support), Muscle (movement), Nervous (control/regulation).

  • Define epithelial tissue and its two main types.

    A sheet of cells covering body surfaces or lining cavities. Types: covering and lining epithelium, glandular epithelium.

  • List six functions of epithelial tissue.

    Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception.

  • What are the five special structural characteristics of epithelial tissue?

    Polarity (apical & basal surfaces), specialized contacts (tight junctions & desmosomes), supported by connective tissue (basement membrane), innervated but avascular, high regenerative capacity.

  • What is the basement membrane and its functions?

    Composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina; supports epithelium and acts as a selective filter.

  • How are epithelial tissues nourished despite being avascular?

    By diffusion of nutrients from underlying connective tissue through the basement membrane.

  • What are the two criteria used to classify epithelial cells?

    Cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and number of layers (simple, stratified).

  • Describe simple squamous epithelium and its function.

    Thin, permeable single layer; functions in filtration and diffusion; found in kidney and lungs.

  • What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

    Single layer with varying cell heights, appears stratified; often ciliated; found in respiratory tract.

  • Describe stratified squamous epithelium and its function.

    Multiple layers with basal cuboidal cells regenerating; protects against abrasion; found in skin and mouth.

  • What is transitional epithelium and where is it found?

    Stratified epithelium with cells that change shape when stretched; lines the urinary bladder.

  • Define gland, endocrine gland, and exocrine gland.

    Gland: cells that secrete products. Endocrine: ductless, secrete hormones. Exocrine: have ducts, secrete onto surfaces.

  • What are the three secretory methods of multicellular exocrine glands?

    Merocrine (exocytosis), holocrine (cell rupture), apocrine (apex pinches off).

  • List the five major types of connective tissue.

    Mesenchyme, connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood.

  • What are the four main functions of connective tissue?

    Binding & supporting, protecting, insulating, transporting substances.

  • Describe the three types of fibers in connective tissue.

    Collagen fibers: high tensile strength; elastic fibers: stretch and recoil; reticular fibers: fine meshwork supporting soft tissues.

  • What is the difference between 'blast' and 'cyte' cells in connective tissue?

    'Blast' cells are immature, actively synthesizing cells; 'cyte' cells are mature, maintaining tissue.

  • Describe areolar connective tissue and its functions.

    Loose arrangement of fibers and cells; cushions organs, supports immunity, fluid reservoir; found under epithelia.

  • What is adipose tissue and its main functions?

    Modified areolar tissue storing fat in adipocytes; functions as fuel reservoir, insulation, and organ protection.

  • Describe dense regular connective tissue and its function.

    Parallel collagen fibers providing great tensile strength; found in tendons and ligaments; attaches muscles to bones.

  • What connective tissue type withstands tension in multiple directions?

    Dense irregular connective tissue with irregularly arranged collagen fibers; found in dermis and organ capsules.

  • What connective tissue contains a high amount of elastic fibers?

    Elastic connective tissue; found in elastic ligaments allowing stretch and recoil.