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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues - Epithelial and Connective Tissue Basics

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What is the definition of tissue?

    Tissue is a group of structurally similar cells that perform a common or related function.

  • What are the four primary types of tissues in the human body?

    1) Epithelial: covering
    2) Connective: support
    3) Muscle: movement
    4) Nervous: control (regulation)

  • Define epithelial tissue and its two main categories.

    Epithelial tissue is a sheet of cells that covers body surfaces or lines body cavities. Categories: (1) covering and lining epithelium, (2) glandular epithelium.

  • List six functions of epithelial tissue.

    Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception.

  • What are the five special structural characteristics of epithelial tissue?

    1) Polarity (apical and basal surfaces)
    2) Specialized contacts (tight junctions, desmosomes)
    3) Supported by connective tissue (basement membrane)
    4) Innervated but avascular
    5) High regenerative capacity

  • What is the basement membrane composed of and its functions?

    Composed of basal lamina (glycoproteins) and reticular lamina (collagen fibers). Functions: support epithelium and act as a selective filter.

  • How are epithelial tissues nourished despite being avascular?

    They receive nutrients by diffusion from underlying connective tissue blood vessels.

  • What are the two criteria used to classify epithelial cells?

    Cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and number of layers (simple or stratified).

  • Describe simple squamous epithelium and give examples of locations.

    Thin, permeable layer for filtration and diffusion. Found in endothelium, kidney, and lungs.

  • What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium and where is it found?

    A single layer of cells with varying heights, appearing stratified; often ciliated. Found in the respiratory tract.

  • Describe stratified squamous epithelium and its function.

    Multiple layers with basal cuboidal cells regenerating the surface; protects against abrasion. Found in skin and mouth lining.

  • What is transitional epithelium and where is it located?

    Stratified epithelium with cells that change shape from cuboidal to squamous when stretched. Lines the urinary bladder.

  • Define gland, endocrine gland, and exocrine gland.

    Gland: cells that produce and secrete products.
    Endocrine glands: ductless, secrete hormones into blood.
    Exocrine glands: have ducts, secrete onto surfaces or into cavities.

  • What are the three secretory methods of multicellular exocrine glands?

    Merocrine (exocytosis), holocrine (cell rupture), apocrine (apex pinches off).

  • List the five major types of connective tissue.

    Mesenchyme, connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.

  • What are the four main functions of connective tissue?

    Binding and supporting, protecting, insulating, and transporting substances.

  • Describe the three types of fibers found in connective tissue.

    Collagen fibers: high tensile strength.
    Elastic fibers: stretch and recoil.
    Reticular fibers: fine meshwork supporting soft tissues.

  • What is the difference between 'blast' and 'cyte' cells in connective tissue?

    'Blast' cells are immature, actively synthesizing cells; 'cyte' cells are mature, maintaining tissue.

  • Describe the three types of loose connective tissue and their functions.

    Areolar: cushions organs, immunity, fluid reservoir.
    Adipose: stores fat, insulation, protection.
    Reticular: forms soft skeleton supporting blood cells.

  • Describe the three types of dense connective tissue and their locations.

    Dense regular: parallel collagen fibers, tendons and ligaments.
    Dense irregular: irregular collagen fibers, dermis and organ capsules.
    Elastic: high elastic fibers, elastic ligaments.