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Appendicular Skeleton Anatomy & Physiology

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
    The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicles and scapulae, which attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.
  • What are the two ends of the clavicle and their articulations?
    The acromial end (rounded) articulates with the scapula, and the sternal end (blunt) articulates with the sternum.
  • Name key features of the scapula.
    Key features include the acromion, coracoid process, glenoid cavity, spine, medial border, and lateral border.
  • What bone articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?
    The humerus articulates superiorly with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
  • Describe the bones of the forearm and their positions.
    The ulna is the medial bone (pinky side) and longer, with the olecranon process forming the elbow. The radius is lateral (thumb side) and articulates with the humerus and ulna.
  • What connects the radius and ulna along their length?
    The interosseous membrane connects the radius and ulna.
  • How many carpal bones are in the wrist and how are they arranged?
    There are 8 carpal bones arranged in two rows of four: proximal row (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform) and distal row (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate).
  • Which carpal bones articulate with the radius?
    Only the scaphoid and lunate bones articulate with the radius.
  • How many metacarpals and phalanges are in the hand?
    The hand has 5 metacarpals numbered 1–5 from the thumb side, and 14 phalanges. Each finger has three phalanges except the thumb, which has two.
  • What bones form the pelvic (hip) girdle?
    The pelvic girdle is formed by two coxal bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. Each coxal bone consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
  • What are the three regions of the coxal bone?
    The three regions are the ilium (superior), ischium (posteroinferior), and pubis (anterior).
  • What joint connects the ilium to the sacrum?
    The sacroiliac joint connects the ilium to the sacrum.
  • How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis?
    The female pelvis is adapted for childbearing: it is broader, shallower, has a wider pelvic brim, and a pubic arch angle of 80°–90°, compared to the male pelvis which is narrower and deeper with a 50°–60° pubic arch.
  • What is the largest and strongest bone in the body?
    The femur is the largest and strongest bone, articulating proximally with the acetabulum of the hip and distally with the tibia and patella.
  • Describe the tibia and fibula in the leg.
    The tibia is the medial, weight-bearing bone articulating with the femur and talus. The fibula is lateral, non-weight-bearing, and serves as a muscle attachment site.
  • How many tarsal bones are in the foot and which is key for weight transfer?
    There are 7 tarsal bones. The talus transfers most of the weight from the tibia to the calcaneus.
  • How many metatarsals and phalanges are in the foot?
    The foot has 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges. Each digit except the hallux has three phalanges; the hallux has two.
  • Name the bones of the proximal row of carpal bones using a mnemonic.
    Proximal carpal bones: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform. Mnemonic: She Likes To Play.
  • Name the bones of the distal row of carpal bones using a mnemonic.
    Distal carpal bones: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate. Mnemonic: Try To Catch Her.
  • What is the function of the acetabulum in the pelvic bone?
    The acetabulum is the deep socket in the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur.