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Axial Skeleton Bones - Anatomy & Physiology

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  • What bones make up the axial skeleton?

    The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and hyoid bone.

  • How many bones are in the skull?

    The skull has 22 bones, divided into the cranial bones and facial bones.

  • Name the 8 cranial bones.

    Frontal, 2 Parietal, 2 Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, and Ethmoid bones.

  • Name the 14 facial bones.

    2 Nasal, 2 Maxillae, 2 Zygomatic, Mandible, 2 Lacrimal, 2 Palatine, 2 Inferior nasal conchae, and Vomer.

  • What is the function of the vertebral column?

    It supports the head and trunk, protects the spinal cord, and provides attachment points for ribs and muscles.

  • How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

    There are 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 fused coccygeal.

  • What are the 7 cervical vertebrae known for?

    They are the smallest vertebrae and include the atlas and axis which support and rotate the head.

  • What bones form the rib cage?

    The rib cage consists of 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum.

  • What are the three parts of the sternum?

    Manubrium, body (gladiolus), and xiphoid process.

  • How are ribs classified?

    Ribs are classified as true ribs (1-7), false ribs (8-12), and floating ribs (11-12).

  • What defines a true rib?

    True ribs attach directly to the sternum via their own costal cartilage.

  • What defines a false rib?

    False ribs attach indirectly to the sternum or not at all.

  • What is the hyoid bone and its function?

    The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue and is an attachment point for muscles.

  • Which bone in the axial skeleton does not articulate with any other bone?

    The hyoid bone does not articulate with any other bone.

  • What is the function of the cranial bones?

    Cranial bones protect the brain and provide attachment sites for head and neck muscles.

  • What is the function of the facial bones?

    Facial bones form the structure of the face, protect sensory organs, and provide attachment for muscles of expression and mastication.

  • Which vertebrae are fused to form the sacrum?

    The 5 sacral vertebrae are fused to form the sacrum.

  • Which vertebrae are fused to form the coccyx?

    The 4 coccygeal vertebrae are fused to form the coccyx (tailbone).

  • What is the anatomical significance of the atlas and axis vertebrae?

    The atlas supports the skull and allows nodding; the axis has the dens for head rotation.

  • How many pairs of ribs are floating ribs?

    There are 2 pairs of floating ribs (ribs 11 and 12) that do not attach to the sternum.