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Basic Tissue Types in Anatomy & Physiology

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  • Simple squamous epithelium

    Single layer of flat cells allowing diffusion and filtration.

  • Simple cuboidal epithelium

    Single layer of cube-shaped cells involved in secretion and absorption.

  • Simple columnar epithelium

    Single layer of tall cells specialized for absorption and secretion, often with microvilli.

  • Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

    Appears layered but is a single layer with nuclei at different levels; often has cilia to move mucus.

  • Goblet cell

    Specialized epithelial cell that secretes mucus to lubricate and protect surfaces.

  • Stratified squamous epithelium

    Multiple layers of flat cells providing protection against abrasion.

  • Transitional epithelium

    Layered epithelium that can stretch, found in the urinary bladder.

  • Areolar connective tissue

    Loose connective tissue with fibers and cells that cushions and supports organs.

  • Adipose tissue

    Connective tissue specialized for fat storage and insulation.

  • Reticular connective tissue

    Network of reticular fibers supporting lymphoid organs.

  • Dense regular connective tissue

    Collagen fibers aligned in parallel for strong tensile strength, found in tendons and ligaments.

  • Dense irregular connective tissue

    Collagen fibers arranged irregularly to resist tension from multiple directions.

  • Elastic connective tissue

    Contains elastic fibers allowing tissues to stretch and recoil.

  • Hyaline cartilage

    Most common cartilage with a glassy matrix, providing support and flexibility.

  • Fibrocartilage

    Cartilage with dense collagen fibers for strong support and shock absorption.

  • Elastic cartilage

    Cartilage rich in elastic fibers providing flexibility.

  • Compact bone tissue

    Dense bone tissue forming the outer layer of bones, providing strength and support.

  • Blood

    Connective tissue with a liquid matrix (plasma) transporting cells and nutrients.

  • Skeletal muscle

    Voluntary muscle with striated fibers attached to bones for movement.

  • Cardiac muscle

    Involuntary, striated muscle found only in the heart with intercalated discs.

  • Smooth muscle

    Involuntary muscle with non-striated fibers found in walls of hollow organs.

  • Nervous tissue

    Tissue composed of neurons and neuroglia for transmitting electrical signals.

  • Cutaneous membrane

    The skin, composed of epidermis and dermis, protecting the body.

  • Mucous membrane

    Membrane lining body cavities open to the exterior, secreting mucus for protection.

  • Serous membrane

    Membrane lining closed body cavities, producing serous fluid to reduce friction.