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Blood Vessels and Cardiovascular System Anatomy

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Termini in questo insieme (25)

  • Name the three tunics of a blood vessel wall.
    Tunica interna (intima), tunica media, and tunica externa.
  • What are the main components of the tunica interna in arteries?
    Endothelial cells, basal lamina, and internal elastic lamina.
  • What distinguishes the tunica media in arteries?
    Contains smooth muscle and an external elastic lamina.
  • What is the function of the vasa vasorum in blood vessels?
    Vasa vasorum are small blood vessels in the tunica externa that supply the walls of large blood vessels.
  • How do veins differ from arteries in their tunica media?
    Veins have a thinner tunica media with less smooth muscle compared to arteries.
  • What structural feature is unique to veins but not arteries?
    Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
  • What is a varicose vein?
    A vein with damaged valves causing blood pooling and vein enlargement.
  • List three major arteries branching from the aortic arch in humans.
    Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
  • Name two arteries that supply blood to the brain as part of the Circle of Willis.
    Anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery.
  • What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
    Systolic is pressure during heart contraction; diastolic is pressure during heart relaxation.
  • What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?
    A sphygmomanometer.
  • What are the sounds of Korotkoff?
    Sounds heard through a stethoscope when measuring blood pressure indicating blood flow changes.
  • How do you calculate pulse pressure?
    Pulse pressure = systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure.
  • Name two common pulse palpation sites on the upper limb.
    Radial artery and brachial artery.
  • What is the main difference in branching of the aortic arch between humans and cats?
    Cats have only two branches: brachiocephalic and left subclavian; humans have three.
  • Name the three main branches of the cat's aortic arch.
    Brachiocephalic artery and left subclavian artery only (no common carotid branch).
  • Which veins drain blood into the superior vena cava?
    Right and left brachiocephalic veins, subclavian veins, and internal jugular veins.
  • What is the function of the internal elastic lamina in arteries?
    Provides elasticity and separates the tunica interna from the tunica media.
  • Identify the layers visible in a capillary wall.
    Only the tunica interna (endothelium and basal lamina).
  • Name two arteries supplying the upper limb.
    Axillary artery and brachial artery.
  • What is the role of the pulmonary trunk?
    Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
  • Which artery supplies blood to the stomach?
    The left gastric artery.
  • What is the significance of the hepatic portal vein?
    It carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver.
  • Name the three main veins draining the lower limb.
    Femoral vein, great saphenous vein, and popliteal vein.
  • What is the normal range for adult human blood pressure?
    Approximately 120/80 mmHg (systolic/diastolic).