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Cell Division and Cancer in Anatomy & Physiology

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  • What balances cell loss in the body?
    Cell division normally balances cell loss to maintain tissue health.
  • Name two factors that stimulate cell division.
    Cell division can be stimulated by internal factors like M-phase promoting factor (MPF) and extracellular chemical factors such as growth factors.
  • What inhibits cell division?
    Cell division can be inhibited by repressor genes and worn out telomeres (terminal DNA segments).
  • What is a tumor (neoplasm)?
    A tumor is a mass produced by abnormal cell growth and division.
  • What distinguishes a benign tumor?
    A benign tumor is contained and not life threatening unless it becomes very large.
  • What characterizes a malignant tumor?
    A malignant tumor spreads into surrounding tissues, a process called invasion.
  • What causes cancer at the genetic level?
    Cancer results from mutations in genes involved with cell growth; these mutated genes are called oncogenes.
  • What are mutagens?
    Mutagens are agents that cause mutations in DNA.
  • Define carcinogens.
    Carcinogens are cancer-causing agents, many of which are also mutagens.
  • What is metastasis?
    Metastasis is the spread of cancer to other areas of the body, beginning with invasion of tissues surrounding the tumor.
  • What is carcinoma?
    Carcinoma is cancer that originates in epithelial tissue.
  • What is sarcoma?
    Sarcoma is cancer that originates in connective tissue.
  • What is leukemia?
    Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells.
  • What is lymphoma?
    Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic tissue.
  • What is adenoma?
    Adenoma is usually a benign tumor originating in epithelial tissue, sometimes in glands.