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Indietro

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Termini in questo insieme (17)

  • Blood Functions

    1. exchange gases

    2. distribute solutes

    3. perform immune functions

    4. maintain body temperature

    5. blood clotting

    6. acid-base homeostasis

    7. stabilizes blood pressure

  • Hemoglobin structure

    • Four polypeptide subunits

      • 2 alpha chains

      • 2 beta chains

    • Heme group

      • iron-containing compound in each polypeptide

      • each heme binds to one o2 molecule

      • one hemoglobin molecule transports 4 O2 molecules

  • Carbaminohemoglobin

    Protein chains, carry CO2 molecules

  • Why do RBCs have short "life span"?

    • Harsh environment

    • traveling many miles under pressure

    • cannot make protein or generate ATP so can't make cellular repairs

  • Erythrocyte death

    1. Erythrocytes trapped in sinusoids of spleen

    2. Spleen immune cells digest erythrocytes

    3. Hemoglobin broken into amino acids, iron ions, and bilirubin

    4. iron ions and amino acids recycled

    5. Bilirubin sent to liver and excreted with feces and urine, gives waste its color

  • Erythropoiesis

    RBC Production in red bone marrow. 2-3 million replace per second

  • Stages of Erythropoiesis

    1. Hematopoietic stem cell

    2. Myeloid cell line

    3. Erythrocyte-CFU

    4. Proerythroblast-EPO needed to become Proerythroblast

    5. Early erythroblast- Hemoglobin is synthesized

    6. Late erythroblast- Nucleus shrinks and is ejected with other organelles

    7. Reticulocyte-enters bloodstream

    8. Erythrocyte-Mature red blood cell

  • Stimulus for EPO release

    • Anemia

    • decreased blood flow to kidneys

    • high altitude

    • respiratory damage

  • Hemostasis

    1. Stops blood loss by forming a blood clot in the injured blood vessel

  • Steps of Hemostasis

    • Vascular Spasm

    • Platelet Plug Formation

    • Coagulation

    • Clot Retraction

    • Thrombolysis

  • Platelet plug formation

    • Injured endothelial cells release chemicals and collagen fibers are exposed at injury site

    • exposed collagen plus chemicals makes platelets stick to and plug injury site

  • Coagulation

    • Formation of fibrin

  • tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

    • activates plasminogen into plasmin

    • plasmin degrades fibrin

    • clot dissolves

    • restores blood flow rapidly to prevent tissue damage when thrombi or emboli have caused stroke or heart attack

  • What hormone causes a 10x increase in red blood cell production?

    Erythropoeitin (EPO)

  • Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to

    all formed elements

  • What organ is the control center of Erythropoiesis?

    Kidneys

  • Plasma proteins are mostly made by what organ?

    Liver