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CH 4 Tissue

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Termini in questo insieme (27)

  • Define tissue and histology

    Tissue is a group of similar cells performing a common function.

    Histology is the study of tissues.

  • Name the four principal tissue types

    epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.

  • What does covering and lining epithelium cover and line?

    Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities and organs.

  • Where is glandular epithelium found and why many Golgi bodies?

    Glandular epithelium is found in glands. Many Golgi bodies are present to package and secrete substances.

  • Functions of epithelia

    Epithelia protect, absorb, filter, excrete, secrete, and sense stimuli.

  • Special characteristics of epithelia

    Epithelia have polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascularity, and high regeneration.

  • Difference between simple and stratified epithelia

    Simple epithelia have one cell layer; stratified epithelia have multiple layers.

  • Types of epithelial cell shapes

    Squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), columnar (tall), and transitional (variable shape).

  • Function of simple squamous epithelium

    Rapid diffusion and filtration; found in lungs and blood vessels (endothelium and mesothelium).

  • Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

    Secretion and absorption; found in kidney tubules and glands.

  • Function of simple columnar epithelium

    Absorption and secretion; lines digestive tract; may have cilia or microvilli.

  • Function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

    Secretion and movement of mucus; found in respiratory tract; cells appear layered but all contact basement membrane. Contains Cilia.

  • Function of stratified squamous epithelium

    Protects against abrasion; found in skin, mouth, and esophagus.

  • Difference between exocrine and endocrine glands

    Exocrine glands secrete onto surfaces via ducts; endocrine glands secrete hormones into blood.

  • Types of multicellular exocrine glands

    Simple (tubular, branched tubular, alveolar) and compound (tubular, alveolar, tubuloalveolar).

  • Difference between merocrine and holocrine secretion

    Merocrine secretion releases products by exocytosis; holocrine secretion releases products by cell rupture.

  • Main classes of connective tissue

    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.

  • Major functions of connective tissue

    Support, protection, binding, insulation, and transport of substances.

  • Three structural elements of connective tissue

    Cells, fibers, and ground substance.

  • Three types of fibers in connective tissue

    Collagen fibers (strength), elastic fibers (stretch), and reticular fibers (support).

  • Types of cells in connective tissue and their functions

    Fibroblasts (produce fibers), adipocytes (store fat), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), osteocytes (bone cells), and blood cells (immune and transport).

  • Characteristics of muscular tissue

    Specialized for contraction; types include skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

  • Differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

    Skeletal: voluntary, striated;

    Cardiac: involuntary, striated, intercalated discs;

    Smooth: involuntary, non-striated.

  • Two types of cells in nervous tissue

    Neurons (signal transmission)

    Neuroglia (support and protect neurons).

  • Types of membranes and their tissue composition

    Cutaneous (skin, epithelium + connective)

    Serous (line body cavities, epithelium + connective)

    Mucous (line cavities open to exterior, epithelium + connective).

  • Three steps of tissue repair

    Inflammation, organization (restoring blood supply), and regeneration or fibrosis.

  • What is regeneration and its health implications?

    Regeneration is replacement of damaged tissue with same type; good regeneration improves healing; poor regeneration leads to scarring.