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Indietro

CH 5 Integumentary System

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Termini in questo insieme (30)

  • Components of the integumentary system

    skin, hair, nails, glands, and sensory receptors.

  • Why is the skin considered an organ?

    Because it consists of multiple tissue types working together to perform specific functions.

  • Two principal parts of the skin

    The epidermis (outer layer) and the dermis (inner layer).

  • Subcutaneous layer alternative names and function

    Hypodermis or superficial fascia; it anchors skin to underlying tissues and stores fat.

  • Cells found in the epidermis

    Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells.

  • Layers of the epidermis in thick skin

    Stratum corneum

    Stratum lucidum (absent in thin skin)

    Stratum granulosum

    Stratum spinosum

    Stratum basale

  • Locations of thick and thin skin

    Thick skin is on palms and soles; thin skin covers the rest of the body.

  • Does the epidermis contain blood vessels?

    No; it is avascular and receives nutrients by diffusion from the dermis.

  • Functions of the epidermis

    Protection, waterproofing, and barrier against pathogens; achieved by keratinized cells.

  • Fibers and cells in the dermis

    Contains collagen and elastic fibers; cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells.

  • Two layers of the dermis and their histology

    Papillary layer: loose connective tissue

    Reticular layer: dense irregular connective tissue.

  • Structures in dermal papillae

    Capillaries and sensory receptors; they increase surface area for nutrient exchange.

  • Dermal ridges and epidermal ridges

    Dermal ridges are projections of the dermis; epidermal ridges are the overlying epidermal projections that form fingerprints.

  • Functions of epidermal ridges

    Increase grip and enhance tactile sensitivity.

  • Structures in the reticular layer

    Contains blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and pressure receptors.

  • What are cleavage lines?

    Natural orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis; important for surgical incisions to heal better.

  • What are flexure lines?

    Skin creases near joints where the dermis is tightly secured to underlying structures.

  • Three factors determining skin color

    Melanin (amount and type), carotene (yellow-orange pigment), and hemoglobin (red from blood).

  • Structure and function of hair

    Hair shaft, root, follicle, and arrector pili muscle; hair protects, senses, and aids thermoregulation.

  • Structure and function of nails

    Nail body, root, lunule, eponychium; nails protect fingertips and aid in grasping.

  • Types of glands in the integumentary system

    Eccrine (sweat), apocrine (scent), ceruminous (earwax), mammary (milk), sebaceous (oil).

  • Six functions of the integumentary system

    Protection, sensation, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, excretion, and immunity.

  • Three types of barriers provided by the skin

    Physical barrier (keratin), chemical barrier (acid mantle), and biological barrier (immune cells).

  • How does skin aid thermoregulation?

    By sweating to cool and constricting blood vessels to conserve heat.

  • Types and locations of cutaneous sensory receptors

    Free nerve endings (pain, temperature), Meissner's corpuscles (touch), Pacinian corpuscles (pressure).

  • Basal cell carcinoma characteristics

    Originates in stratum basale; least serious and most common skin cancer.

  • Squamous cell carcinoma characteristics

    Arises from keratinocytes in stratum spinosum; can metastasize if untreated.

  • Melanoma characteristics

    Originates from melanocytes; most dangerous due to high metastasis risk.

  • Differences between first, second, and third degree burns

    First: epidermis damage, pain; Second: epidermis and dermis, blistering; Third: full thickness, no pain due to nerve damage.

  • Systemic effects of severe burns

    Fluid loss, infection risk, and impaired thermoregulation.