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Chemical Reactions and Properties of Water in Anatomy & Physiology

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Termini in questo insieme (22)

  • What are the three main types of chemical reactions?

    Synthesis, decomposition, and exchange reactions.

  • What happens in a synthesis reaction?

    Atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule; used in anabolic (building) processes.

  • What occurs during a decomposition reaction?

    A molecule breaks down into smaller molecules or its constituent atoms; involves catabolic (bond-breaking) reactions.

  • Describe an exchange reaction.

    Bonds are both made and broken; also called displacement reactions.

  • What are redox reactions in living systems?

    Reactions where atoms are reduced (gain electrons) or oxidized (lose electrons), such as in cellular respiration.

  • Define exergonic and endergonic reactions.

    Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb energy.

  • What factors affect the rate of chemical reactions?

    Temperature, concentration of reactants, particle size, and presence of catalysts (enzymes).

  • What is biochemistry?

    The study of chemical composition and reactions of living matter, including organic and inorganic compounds.

  • What are inorganic compounds in the body?

    Compounds like water, salts, acids, and bases that do not contain carbon.

  • What are organic compounds?

    Compounds containing carbon, usually large and covalently bonded, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.

  • Why is water important in living cells?

    It is the most abundant inorganic compound, making up 60%-80% of cell volume and has special properties essential for life.

  • List the special properties of water.

    High heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polar solvent properties, reactivity, and cushioning.

  • What does high heat capacity of water mean?

    Water can absorb and release large amounts of heat, preventing sudden temperature changes.

  • Explain the high heat of vaporization of water.

    Evaporation requires large amounts of heat, making it an effective cooling mechanism.

  • What are the polar solvent properties of water?

    Water dissolves and dissociates ionic substances and forms hydration layers around large charged molecules like proteins.

  • How does water participate in chemical reactions?

    Water is necessary for hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions.

  • What is the cushioning property of water?

    Water protects organs from physical trauma, e.g., cerebrospinal fluid cushions nervous system organs.

  • What are the four emergent properties of water that support life?

    Cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent.

  • What causes cohesion in water molecules?

    Hydrogen bonding causes water molecules to stay close to each other.

  • How does cohesion help plants?

    Cohesion contributes to the transport of water and nutrients against gravity in plants.

  • What is adhesion in relation to water?

    Adhesion is the clinging of water molecules to other substances, such as cell walls, helping counter gravity.

  • What is surface tension in water?

    Surface tension measures how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid and is related to cohesion.