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DNA Replication in Anatomy & Physiology

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  • When does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle?
    DNA replication occurs during interphase, just before mitosis.
  • What are the main phases of interphase related to DNA replication?
    The S phase is when DNA is replicated; G1 and G2 phases involve cell growth and preparation for mitosis.
  • What happens during the DNA replication step of double helix unwinding?
    The double helix unwinds and both strands are used as templates to make new strands, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.
  • What is complementary base pairing in DNA strand formation?
    Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) in the 5' to 3' direction on both strands.
  • How is the DNA strand synthesized in terms of directionality?
    DNA strands are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction on both strands.
  • What is the difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?
    The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously.
  • What are Okazaki fragments?
    Short nucleotide fragments formed on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
  • What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together?
    DNA ligase splices Okazaki fragments together to form a continuous strand.